Nnwale afọ ime afọ ime na otu o si arụ ọrụ?
Ọsọ azụ Nnwale bụ ngwaọrụ a na -eji maka ụdị nnwale dị iche iche site na nchọpụta onye nyocha, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị na nlele. Ngwa nnwale nnwale mpụta na -eji ụwa niile maka ọtụtụ uru yana otu uru bụ na enwere ike iji ha maka nnwale ụlọ. N'ihe gbasara ule ụlọ, mmadụ nwere ike chọpụta ọrịa, ọrịa, wee mee ya ule afọ ime n'ụlọ. Nnwale nnwale mpụta A na-eji ule iji chọpụta biomarkers na mmamịrị, saliva, ọbara, plasma, na ihe nlele ndị ọzọ maka ebumnuche nyocha. LFA ndị omenala na-enye nsonaazụ ọkara ma ọ bụ qualitative, chọrọ iji ngwa pụrụ iche iji chọpụta nsonaazụ ọnụọgụ. LFA bụ usoro nnwale nke na-eji akwụkwọ achọpụta na mezie nyocha na ngwakọta mgbagwoju anya. A na-etinye ihe nlele ahụ na ngwaọrụ nyocha, nsonaazụ ya na-adịkarị n'ime nkeji ise ruo iri atọ.
Ihe mejupụtara akụrụngwa na -asọba mpụta bụ paadi nlele, conjugate pad, nitrocellulose membrane, na pad adsorbent. Mgbe etinyere ihe nlele ma ọ bụ matriks na mpempe akwụkwọ nlele, ọ na -aga na paịnd conjugated ebe antigens na antibodies na -amalite ijikọ yana ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na paịlị nlele na ngwakọta ya na nanoparticles na paịda conjugated. Na -esote, ha na -aga n'ihu na akpụkpọ ahụ. N'ebe a, nanoparticles na -abụ nke a na -ejikọ ọnụ yana na ngwaọrụ Lateral Flow Assay, ahịrị abụọ bụ ahịrị ule na ahịrị njikwa. Nanoparticles ndị a ga -amalite ịgafe ma akara nnwale ma ọ bụ ahịrị njikwa.
Ahịrị ule nwere nanoparticles na -enweghị ike ịmegharị nke nwere ike jikọta ya na irighiri ihe dị na paịd a jikọtara ọnụ iji gosipụta ọnụnọ nke onye nyocha nyocha. Agbanyeghị, site na ahịrị ule, mmiri ahụ na -agafe na ahịrị njikwa. Usoro njikwa nwere njikọ njikọta nke na -arụ ọrụ iji ihe nyocha were jikọọ irighiri ihe ma ọ bụ na -enweghị nyocha iji gosi na ngwaọrụ nnwale mpụta mpụta na -arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ugbu a, mgbe mmiri gaferela n'ahịrị abụọ, ya bụ, akara ule na ahịrị njikwa, enwere mpe mpe mpe mpe akwa. Adsorbent pad na -arụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi niile na -emebiga ihe ókè. Ebe ọ bụ na achọrọ obere matriks na -achịkwa, yabụ, ọ na -ahụ na ọ ga -ekwe ka mmiri mmiri chọrọ naanị ya.
Mgbe ị na -eme nyocha afọ ime na mpụta eruba ngwaọrụ that are two formats i.e. competitive format and sandwich format. The use of competitive format is for the detection of the analytes in case that the antibodies or the analyte are not enough for the multiple binding. In the competitive format, there are analyte molecules in the test line and a protein-analyte complex with the conjugate pad that tells abt the presence or absence of analyte. In this type of format, if the target analyte is not present, the conjugates will get bind to the test line. Coming on to the sandwich format of the lateral flow assay devices pregnancy test, this format is used for the detection of the target analytes, if present or not Further, these larger analytes must have the epitopes. Also the antibodies in two biding sites of this format bind in a way that one analyte will bind with the conjugated particles and the other analyte with another binding test that will be used for the lateral flow Assay’s test line. However, if the target analyte is detected it will bind with the antibody-nanoparticle conjugate and yield the desired results. Also, an important point is that in the sandwich format of the latera Flow essay device for the pregnancy test, the colored line appears that means the result is positive, However, in the competitive format there will be the absence/disappearance of the colored lines on the device which means that the results are positive. in the lateral flow assay device works this way for doing a pregnancy test on it.
Maka nyocha nke nnwale nnwale mpụta mpụta, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na ule ga -abụ na akara ndị anya gba ọtọ nwere ike ịgụ ma dịkwa mfe nghọta. Iji hụ na mmetụta nke ngwaọrụ nnwale na -aga n'ihu, ọ dị mkpa ịnwe mgbama siri ike nke ga -ekwe omume ruo n'ókè. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ụmụ irighiri ihe, njikọ ahụ ga -adị ike mana ọ bụrụ na ha buru oke ibu, a ga -enwe ihe mgbochi na usoro nlele ahụ. Ihe ga-esi na ngwaọrụ nnwale nnwale mpụta ga-abụ ma ọ bụ n'ụdị ndị a, ya bụ, njiri mara mma, na nha. Agbanyeghị, ule afọ ime na ngwaọrụ nnwale mpụta nke mpụta, ga -egosi nsonaazụ akara ya bụ Ee ma ọ bụ Mba Nnwale afọ ime afọ ime, nyocha na nsonaazụ dabere na HCG nyocha. HCG na -anọchite anya gonadotropin chorionic mmadụ nke nwere sel trophoblast. Mgbe etinyere matriks na mpempe nlele nke ngwaọrụ ahụ, a na -ejikọ Human chorionic gonadotropin na nanoparticles ọla edo nke ejikọtara ya na antibody test na antibody conjugated. Maka na nke a bụ mkpokọta hCG na mmamịrị gị, mkpokọta ya na -adịgasị iche dabere na mgbe ị na -ele ule. Oke nchọpụta maka ule a na -adịkarị n'etiti 20 na 100 mIU/ml. N'ikwu maka nchọpụta ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ, a na -ekpebi oke akara ahịrị site n'ụkpụrụ setịpụrụ nke a na -akpọ ọkọlọtọ mmezi na na nke a, a na -atụgharị ndị nyocha n'ime uru ịta ahụhụ. Maka ikpebi nsonaazụ ziri ezi, a na -atụ aro ka ị jiri onye na -agụ warara gụọ nsonaazụ ya na ngwaọrụ Lateral Flow Assay.
mmechi
Ngwa nnwale nnwale mpụta dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe iji ngwaọrụ nke mba ndị mepere emepe na ndị na-emepe emepe na-eji. Ọzọkwa, ngwaọrụ na -asọba n'akụkụ bụ otu n'ime ụzọ nnwale a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi nke ukwuu ule nwa ime ka ha na -amịpụta ezi ihe, ọ fọkwara nke nta ka onye ọ bụla mara ka esi eji ha eme ihe. Ngwa nnwale Lateral Flow Assay bụ nke kachasị maka ịme ụdị ule ọ bụla n'ụlọ.
References
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://studentsxstudents.com/pregnancy-tests-covid-19-testing-an-explanation-of-lateral-flow-assays-b45282ebdda4