Kodi Kuyesa Kwapafupi Kwambiri Kuyesa ndi Chiyani?
Kuyesa kwa lateral flow assay (LFA) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira matenda poyesa malo osamalira odwala (POC) ndipo chifukwa chake ndi mtengo wake wotsika komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mayeso a lateral flow Assay amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zizindikiro za biomarker mu chitsanzo chilichonse cha mkodzo, malovu, magazi, plasma, ndi zina zotero. Ma LFA achizolowezi amapereka zotsatira za semiquantitative kapena qualitative, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuti zizindikire zotsatira za kuchuluka. LFA ndi njira yoyesera yochokera papepala yodziwira ndikuyesa ma analytes mu zosakaniza zovuta. Chitsanzocho chimayikidwa pa chipangizo choyesera, ndipo zotsatira zake zimaperekedwa mkati mwa mphindi zisanu mpaka makumi atatu, pafupifupi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ma LFA kwafalikira kumadera angapo omwe amafunikira mayeso ofulumira chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wotsika komanso kusavuta kupanga.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a mayeso ofananira oyeserera akufotokozedwa motsatira. Choyamba, ndi zotayika zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kuphatikiza apo, sizitsuka. Mukazigwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kutayidwa. Kachiwiri, ndizachuma ndipo motero zimapezeka mosavuta. Chachitatu, ndizolimba mwachilengedwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kusungidwa kutentha ndikukhala ndi moyo wazaka zingapo.
Posachedwapa, msika wakula ndipo pakufunika njira zoyesera matenda ambiri zomwe zimalola kuzindikira mwachangu komanso nthawi yomweyo ma analytes angapo m'zitsanzo za malo osamalira odwala. Mayeso otere (mwina LFA imodzi ) ayenera kukhala osalala mokwanira kuti agwire ntchito popanda thandizo ndi thandizo la labotale kapena magulu a akatswiri a mankhwala. Ma LFA ndi njira yomwe anthu ambiri amakonda chifukwa ndi otsika mtengo kupanga, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, amadziwika kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito komanso akuluakulu oyang'anira.
Kutchula mitundu ya mayeso oyendera lateral flow, pali mitundu iwiri ya mayeso oyendera lateral flow. Mitundu ya mayeso oyendera lateral flow imachokera ku chitsanzo chomwe chikuyenera kuyesedwa. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ili ndi magulu ena ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, mtundu woyamba wa mayeso oyendera lateral flow umatchedwa Lateral Flow Immuno Assay ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa LFA umatchedwa Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow. Kuyesa kwa lateral flow immuno assay kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Gawo loyamba limagwira ntchito potengera ma antibodies omwe amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lalikulu la chitsanzo kuti lizindikire. Pomwe lachiwiri lili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zozindikira kapena zosakaniza monga mapuloteni, mahomoni, ndi zina zotero. Mtundu wachiwiri wa Kuyesa kwa Lateral Flow umatchedwa Nucleic ACid lateral flow assay womwe umathandiza kuzindikira ma amplicons omwe mwina adapangidwa panthawi ya polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Kuti mupange mayeso a Lateral Flow Assay pali njira ziwiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira yoyamba imatchedwa mtundu wa dipstick pomwe mtundu wachiwiri umatchedwa kaseti yosungidwa. Ntchito zawo ndizofanana komabe zimadalira mtundu, zofunikira pamsika, matrix, ndi makampani. Pakuyesa kwa lateral Assay Test, pali mitundu iwiri yomwe imagwira ntchito. Imodzi imadziwika kuti sangweji ndipo yachiwiri imadziwika ndi dzina la mpikisano. Mtundu wa sangweji umagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma analytics akulu omwe angakhale ndi masamba awiri omangiriza kapena ma epitopes. Zotsatira zamtundu wa sangweji zimakhala zowoneka bwino pamzere woyeserera womwe umawongolera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa wofufuza yemwe ali mchitsanzocho. Kuchotsa zomwe zimachitika pakuwunika, ngati chingwe chowongolera chili ndi mitundu yolimbana ndi ma antibody chidzakhala ndi mphamvu zomanga ma nanoparticles omwe apitilizabe kutulutsa chizindikiritso cha mzere wowongolera kuti awonetse magwiridwe antchito a lateral flow assay.
M'mayeso a Lateral flow assay, ma nanoparticles amakhala atolankhani chifukwa cha mayeso ena. Zotsatira za mayeso zitha kuwerengedwa ndikuwunikiridwa kudzera m'maso omwe amatchedwanso oyenerera kapena owerengeka kapena mothandizidwa ndi chida chomwe chimatchedwa kuwerengera kochulukirapo. Kuyesa kwamayeso ofananira ndi kotheka kumagwira ntchito ndipo kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zowona komanso zofunika kwambiri kukula kwa ma particles pakati pa 20 nm mpaka 50 nm. Kuti chizindikirocho chikhale cholimba, pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisonyezo champhamvu kwambiri pakupanga kapena zotsatira za chitsanzocho chifukwa chake. Potengera mtundu wopikisana wa kuyesa kwa Lateral flow Assay, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma analytics makamaka ngati awiriawiri a antibody sapezeka kapena wowerengera si wamkulu kwenikweni chifukwa cha zochitika zambiri zomanga ma antibody. Mzere woyeserera nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi molekyulu ya analyte, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakanikirana ndi mapuloteni, ndipo phukusi la conjugate limapangidwa ndi anti-nanoparticle conjugate mu mpikisano wapa Lateral Flow Assay Test. Ngati wowunikira akuwonekeratu, a conjugate adzamangiriza, kuletsa kuti asamangomangika kwa wowunikira pamzere woyesera.
Kusanthula kwamayeso oyesa ofananira nawo kutengera mitundu itatu yazotsatira zomwe zingakhale zosokoneza. Komabe, mitundu itatu yayikulu ya zotsatirazi ndiyabwino, yochulukirapo, kapena yochulukirapo. Pakuwunika kwakanthawi kwamayeso oyesa ofananira nawo, mzere woyeserera umafanizidwa ndi muyezo womwe umadziwika kuti calibration standard, kenako umasandulika kukhala mtengo wowerengera wa analyte. Komabe, kuti mumve zolondola komanso pazotsatira zake, owerenga mzere amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kupenda ndi kuwerengera mayeso.
Kutsiliza
Kuyesa Kwamafufuzidwe Otsatira ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yodziwika padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ili ndi zida zapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, Kuyesa Kwotsatira Kwawo kwakhala gawo lothandizira kwambiri pantchito zazaumoyo komanso m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene ntchito yawo ndi yayikulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndiubwino wawo sikumangokhala pama labotale okha; M'malo mwake akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera kunyumba ndipo atsimikizira kuti ndi othandiza, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso osafuna ndalama zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwamayeso amtundu woyeserera ndi mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana kumathandizira pazidziwitso zosiyanasiyana ndipo zipitilira kukula ndi zida zina zikaphatikizidwa kuti zibweretse kupita patsogolo ndikukula m'chigawo chino.
Zothandizira
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics#target
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html