Kutuluka kotsatira Kuyesa kwa immunochromatographic ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ma analytics pachitsanzo chomwe chaperekedwa. Immunochromatography ndikuphatikiza kwa chromatography ndi Immuno Assays. Ma LFIA ndi zida zotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mayeso osiyanasiyana. Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a Lateral Flow immunochromatographic assays monga samp pad, conjugate par, nitrocellulose membrane, ndi adsorbent pad. Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ofananira mumayenda Immunochromatographic zofufuza monga amene analengedwa kuchokera chidutswa chimodzi kapena pepala la nembanemba mapadi amene ndiye zina chopangidwa kuchokera m'kati kudula laser. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya Immuno Assay monga enzyme yolumikizidwa ndi immunosorbent assay (ELISA), kapena Western blot ma LFIA ndiabwino, odalirika, komanso achangu. Osati zokhazo komanso zimapindulitsanso phindu pakuchepetsa mtengo komanso kuchepetsa zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, amasunga nthawi ndikupanga zotsatira m'kanthawi kochepa komwe kumakhala pafupifupi mphindi 20 kapena mphindi 20. Otsatira Otsatira a Immunochromatographic Assays amagwirizana ndi matrices osiyanasiyana monga seramu, mkodzo, umuna, magazi, ndi malovu. Zoyeserera zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mosiyanasiyana monga mayesero apakati, kuyezetsa magazi mwachangu, chimfine, chifuwa chachikulu (TB), ndi malungo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa kunyumba, kuyesa chitetezo cha chakudya, kuzindikira othandizira, komanso mankhwala azowona zanyama.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa Kutuluka kofananira kwa immunochromatographic assays amapangidwanso ndi kachidutswa kamodzi ka nitrocellulose nembanemba kamene kamatulutsa zotsatira zachangu komanso zolondola, chifukwa chake, adayesedwa kuti adziwe Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) yomwe ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a malungo kamene kamapezeka pamunsi mpaka 4 ng mL − 1 ndipo amatha kuwona ndi maso. Komanso, kunalibe chinthu chilichonse chobwezeretsanso m'malo mwa mapuloteni ena ochepa a Plasmodium. Tsopano, pamene Otsatira Otsatira a Immunochromatographic Zofufuza idapanga imodzi yokhala ndi pepala la nitrocellulose nembanemba lomwe limayesedwa limapereka zotsatira zodalirika komanso zolondola poyerekeza ndi ma LFIA omwe analipo kale a PfHRP2 kuzindikira. Komanso, itha kuyesa kuyezetsa malungo ndipo ma protein enanso amathanso kuyesedwa.
Pali mfundo zingapo zomwe Kuyenda Kwotsatira Immochrmotograhy Assay ntchito. Choyamba, njira zogwirira ntchito ndizofanana ndi njira ya sangweji ya ELISA koma kusiyana kwake kumachitika momwe capillary yokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi imayikidwa kudzera papepala la chromatographic. Chachiwiri, matrix a specimen atagwetsedwa pachitsanzo cha chida cha LFIA, zovuta zomwe zimadziwika kuti immunocomplex (Ab-Ag complex) zimapangidwa chifukwa cha ma antigen omwe ali pachitsanzo cha pad ndi antibody. Ma immunocomplex awa amapitanso mbali zina za chipangizo cha LFIA ndipo amalumikizana ndi ma antibodies omwe atsekedwa pa nembanemba ya nitrocellulose ya chipangizocho. Pakakhala zovuta zambiri, mzere wofiirira umayamba kuwonekera womwe umatanthawuza zotsatira zabwino mwachitsanzo, antigen yomwe ikukhudzidwa ilipo muzitsanzo. Chipangizo cha immunochromatographic chimapangidwa ndikulumikiza sampuli mpaka kumapeto kwa nembanemba.
Zinthu zinayi zofunika pakuchita Mayeso a Immunochromatographic pa chipangizo cha LFIA. Gawo loyamba ndikuyika mtunduwo pachitsanzo. Chitsanzocho chitatha kudzera pachitsanzo, kusungunuka kwa mamolekyulu kumayamba kuchitika. Apa kusungunuka kwa molekyu ya detector ndikofunikira poteteza zotsatira zabwino zomwe adzalumikizane ndi owunikira omwe akufuna kuwunikira. Pambuyo pa izi, capillary imayamba kugwira ntchito. Kusakaniza konse kwamadzimadzi kumatengedwera ku membrane ya nitrocellulose mothandizidwa ndi capillary action. Tsopano, mu nembanemba ya nitrocellulose, pamakhala antigen kapena anti antibody yomwe singagwirizane yomwe ingaphatikizane ndi wowunikira zomwe zingabweretse zotsatira zabwino ngati angapezeke mchitsanzo. Zotsatira zake zili zabwino, mwina mzere wa pinki kapena wofiirira udzawonekera. Padi wotsatsa kumapeto kwake amatenga gawo lina lililonse losavomerezeka lachitsanzo.
Kufotokozera mwachidule zabwino za Otsatira Otsatira a Immunochromatographic Zofufuza, ndi odalirika, othamanga, olondola komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Palibe zoperewera komanso zopinga pakusintha kwanyengo ndi kusungitsa nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha chifukwa cha ukhondo komanso mayesero otsimikizika. Komanso, amapezeka mosavuta pa kauntala ndipo wina sayenera kupeza mankhwala ake mwachitsanzo kupulumutsa nthawi. Pomaliza, zimafunikira zochepa zochepa zazitsanzo kuti muyesedwe. Ndi maubwino, pali malire ochepa pamenepo. Choyamba, chimayang'ana pazotsatira zabwino osati pazowonjezeranso. Pomaliza, silimvetsetsa ngati zida zina chifukwa limatha kudziwa ma analytics awiri nthawi imodzi.
Pali ntchito zambiri za Otsatira Otsatira Kuyesa kwa Immunochromatographic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zingapo pakuzindikira matenda azachipatala kuti azitha kuwunika ndikuzindikira mitundu yazachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa kwapakhomo ndikuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana monga matenda opatsirana pogonana, malungo, TB, matenda a chiwindi, komanso thanzi la kubereka la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) kapena kuyesa kwa pakati kumatha kupezedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito Lateral Flow immunochromatographic Assay. LFIA ndiyo njira yoyeserera kwambiri yozindikira matenda amtundu uliwonse, bakiteriya, kapena matenda opatsirana monga dengue, syphilis, filariasis, ndi ena.
Kutsiliza
Otsatira Otsatira a Immunochromatographic Zofufuza ndiyo njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yosavuta yochitira mayeso amtundu uliwonse. Ndi zida zamakono, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yodalirika, komanso njira yabwino. Pali zoperewera zomwe sizilemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zabwino za Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Amawonedwa ngati amakono komanso achizolowezi pozindikira mayeso ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakukulu kumatsimikizira kutsimikizika kwawo komanso kudalirika kwawo. Chifukwa chake, Kuyeserera kwapambuyo kwa immunochromatographic Assays itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mayeso azachipatala.
Zothandizira
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/immunochromatography-assay-ica-principle-components-steps-merits-limitations-and-applications/
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02073g#!divAbstract
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/immunochromatography
