The otaya ofananira nawo kuyesa (LFA) ndi pulatifomu yokhazikitsidwa poyeserera (POC) ndipo chifukwa chake ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ma LFAs wamba amatulutsa zotsatira zoyenerera kapena zochulukirapo ndipo zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zodziwira kuchuluka . Pulogalamu ya ofananira otaya mayesero (LFA) ndi pulatifomu yokhazikitsidwa pamapepala yozindikira ndi kuyerekezera ma analytic mu zosakaniza zovuta. Chitsanzocho chimayikidwa pachida choyesera, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonetsedwa mkati mwa mphindi 5-30. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwachitukuko komanso kosavuta kopanga ma LFA, mapulogalamu awo akukulira m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe amafunikira kuyesedwa mwachangu.
Zitsanzo zamadzimadzi, monga magazi, seramu, plasma, mkodzo, malovu, kapena zolimba zosungunuka, zimawonjezeredwa mwachindunji papepala loyipa komanso zoyipa kudzera pachida chotsatira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sampuluyo imasiyanitsa chitsanzocho ndikuchotsa magawo osafunikira ngati maselo ofiira. Chitsanzocho chimatha kuyenda momasuka kupita ku conjugate pad, yomwe imakhala ndi ma nanoparticles owoneka bwino kwambiri kapena owala bwino omwe ali ndi antibody pamtunda wawo. Ma nanoparticles oumawa amatulutsidwa ndikusakanikirana ndi chitsanzocho madziwo akafika pa conjugate pad. Ngati antibody azindikira ma analytics omwe akufuna mu sampuli, amangidwa ndi antibody.
Pakhala pali kuwonjezeka kwa kufunika kwa mfundo-ya-chisamaliro zofufuza zingapo zomwe zili ndi mizere yayikulu yoyezetsa yomwe imalola kuti azindikire mwachangu komanso munthawi yomweyo zitsanzo za ma analytics angapo osamalira m'mbiri yapano. Kuyesa kotere (mwina LFA imodzi) kuyenera kukhala kosavuta kuchita popanda kuthandizidwa ndi labotale kapena anthu omwe aphunzitsidwa kusanthula mankhwala. Ma LFA ndi osankhidwa bwino chifukwa ndiotsika mtengo kupanga, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koposa zonse, amavomerezedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi oyang'anira.
Ngakhale kuyesa kwa lateral ndi njira yothandiza komanso njira yoyeserera komabe pali zoperewera ndi zovuta zomwe zimawonedwa mu Lateral flow Assay ndi zotsatira zake, makamaka. Ili ndi funso lofunsidwa kawirikawiri kuti bwanji zotsatira zabwino zabodza pakuyenda kwakanthawi kumachitika ndipo pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana kutengera nthambi ya sayansi. Komabe, chifukwa chomwe zotsatira zabodza zimatulukira mu Lateral Flow Assay zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu yankho lotsatira. Mzere woyeserera ukawoneka posowa wofufuza yemwe angafune, zotsatira zabodza zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zomangika, zomangika pamtanda, kapena ma antibodies a heterophilic.
Kuti mukwaniritse kuyesaku ndikuchotsa zotsatira zabwino zabodza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ndi ziti mwazinthu izi kapena kuphatikiza zomwe zikuyambitsa zotsatira zabodza. Kumanga kopanda tanthauzo kumachitika pakakhala kulumikizana kosadziwika pakati pa anti-nanoparticle conjugate ndi antibody pamzere woyeserera, mosasamala kanthu kuti wowunikira walipo kapena ayi. Zomangiriza zapadera zimatha kupewedwa nthawi zambiri pakungowonjezera njira yolumikizira mapuloteni enaake. Kupititsa patsogolo kutsitsa kwa ma antibody / protein (oteteza ochepa kwambiri kapena ochulukirapo kumatha kubweretsa kudzimanga kosakhala kwapadera), nthawi yakulimbirana ndi antibody, komanso choyankhira chake ndizo mbali zonse zakukhathamiritsa kwa conjugation. Mapuloteni, opanga ma surfactant, kapena ma polima atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oletsa pamagawo oyeserera (mwachitsanzo conjugate diluent, pre-pre-chithandizo, conjugate pad pre-chithandizo, buffer, etc.). Kuyambitsanso mosiyana kumasiyana ndi kumangika kosadziwika kwenikweni chifukwa kumachitika pamene antibody amamangirira kwa wofufuza mu zitsanzo zomwe SIZOYENERA kulingalira. Ili ndi vuto lovuta kuthana nalo, ndipo nthawi zambiri limafunikira kusintha kwa ma antibody omwe sagwirizana ndi ma analytic osafunikira.
Chitsanzo chomwe chili ndi ma heterophilic antibodies (ma antibodies amkati omwe amamanga ma test antibodies) atha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza. Mitundu ingapo yama anti-heterophilic antibodies imatha kumayambitsa kulumikizana pakati pa anti-conjugated to the nanoparticle ndi antibody pamzere woyeserera, ngakhale owunikira sanapezeke. Ngati zotsatira zabodza zikuwonetsa kukulira kwa chizindikiro ngakhale atachotsa chitsanzocho, m'malo mochepera kwazizindikiro zamphamvu, zitha kukhala chifukwa cha ma heterophilic antibodies. Ma antibodies amtundu wa anthu omwe amagwirizana ndi ma antibodies a assay kuti apange zotsatira zabodza kapena zabodza amatchedwa ma heterophilic antibodies. Hterophilic antibody imatha kukhala mwa wodwala chifukwa chokhala ndi nyama kapena nyama zina, matenda opatsirana ndi bakiteriya kapena ma virus, kapena makamaka. Kuyesa kwazotsatira zabodza kumatha kupezeka pamalingaliro angapo amomwe mayesedwe ena oyipa ndi screenee (mwachitsanzo, kupaka kwakuda pa khadi la Haemoccult) ndikuwerenga koyeserera. Kuwerenga kochedwa kungapangitsenso zotsatira zabodza, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a latex agglutination. Zotsatira zabodza zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha kutayika kwa magazi mthupi mwa munthu yemwe sangakhale wamba.
Zotsatira zabodza zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa homeostasis (mwachitsanzo, kukonza kosakwanira, kukonza kwa ma cell, kutupa) komwe kumatha kuchitika nembanemba ya selo ali pachiwopsezo ndipo necrosis / apoptosis imadziwika ndi histopathology. Zotsatirazi zitha kukulitsa kusunthika kwa DNA pamalo olumikizirana nawo komanso mozungulira m'matumba ena momwe minofu imavomerezera kuvulala kwam'manja ndipo mayankho amachitidwe otupa amapita patsogolo, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ake ndi mayendedwe ake.
The ofananira otaya mayesero ndi yosavuta, yosavuta kufikira, komanso yachuma koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatchulidwazi zotsatira zake zimatha kubwera monga zosakhala zoona, nthawi zina. Malo apadera komanso apadera a LFAs athandizira kuzindikira kwa omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi matenda opatsirana azamankhwala, ulimi, chitetezo cha chakudya, komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Ngakhale njira ya njirayi yakhala yosasinthika kwazaka zambiri, njira za LFA zasinthidwa mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chambiri komanso kuberekanso, komanso kuzindikira ma analytics angapo munthawi yomweyo. Chofunika kwambiri, kuyesa kumeneku kumatha kuchitidwa kunja kwa labotale, komwe kumapereka maubwino ambiri oti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko omwe akutukuka komanso kumalo osamalira, kaya kumunda kapena m'malo azachipatala. Ngakhale kuwerengetsa kwakanthawi kumatha kuwonetsa zabwino zabodza komanso mosemphanitsa, njira zina zitha kuyesedwa ndikuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizike.
Zothandizira
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993616300668
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/
