Kodi Chingakhale Chifukwa Chotani Zazotsatira Zabodza Pazotsatira Zoyendera?
Kuyesa kwa lateral flow assay (LFA) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoyesera malo osamalira odwala (POC) ndipo chifukwa chake ndi mtengo wake wotsika komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ma LFA achikhalidwe amapereka zotsatira zabwino kapena zochepa ndipo amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuti azindikire kuchuluka. Kuyesa kwa lateral flow assay (LFA) ndi njira yochokera papepala yopezera ndi kuyeza ma analytes m'zosakaniza zovuta. Chitsanzocho chimayikidwa pa chipangizo choyesera, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonetsedwa mkati mwa mphindi 5-30. Chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa zopangidwira komanso zosavuta kupanga ma LFA, ntchito zawo zakula kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana omwe amafunikira mayeso ofulumira.
Zitsanzo zamadzimadzi, monga magazi, seramu, plasma, mkodzo, malovu, kapena zolimba zosungunuka, zimawonjezeredwa mwachindunji papepala loyipa komanso zoyipa kudzera pachida chotsatira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sampuluyo imasiyanitsa chitsanzocho ndikuchotsa magawo osafunikira ngati maselo ofiira. Chitsanzocho chimatha kuyenda momasuka kupita ku conjugate pad, yomwe imakhala ndi ma nanoparticles owoneka bwino kwambiri kapena owala bwino omwe ali ndi antibody pamtunda wawo. Ma nanoparticles oumawa amatulutsidwa ndikusakanikirana ndi chitsanzocho madziwo akafika pa conjugate pad. Ngati antibody azindikira ma analytics omwe akufuna mu sampuli, amangidwa ndi antibody.
Pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa mayeso ambiri owunikira matenda a point-of-care okhala ndi mizere yoyesera yambiri yomwe imalola kuzindikira mwachangu komanso nthawi imodzi zitsanzo zambiri za point-of-care m'mbiri yamakono. Mayeso otere (mwina LFA imodzi) ayenera kukhala osavuta kuchita popanda thandizo la labotale kapena anthu ophunzitsidwa kusanthula mankhwala. Ma LFA ndi abwino kwambiri chifukwa ndi otsika mtengo kupanga, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, amavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi akuluakulu olamulira.
Ngakhale kuyesa kwa lateral ndi njira yothandiza komanso njira yoyeserera komabe pali zoperewera ndi zovuta zomwe zimawonedwa mu Lateral flow Assay ndi zotsatira zake, makamaka. Ili ndi funso lofunsidwa kawirikawiri kuti bwanji zotsatira zabwino zabodza pakuyenda kwakanthawi kumachitika ndipo pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana kutengera nthambi ya sayansi. Komabe, chifukwa chomwe zotsatira zabodza zimatulukira mu Lateral Flow Assay zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu yankho lotsatira. Mzere woyeserera ukawoneka posowa wofufuza yemwe angafune, zotsatira zabodza zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zomangika, zomangika pamtanda, kapena ma antibodies a heterophilic.
Kuti mukwaniritse kuyesaku ndikuchotsa zotsatira zabwino zabodza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ndi ziti mwazinthu izi kapena kuphatikiza zomwe zikuyambitsa zotsatira zabodza. Kumanga kopanda tanthauzo kumachitika pakakhala kulumikizana kosadziwika pakati pa anti-nanoparticle conjugate ndi antibody pamzere woyeserera, mosasamala kanthu kuti wowunikira walipo kapena ayi. Zomangiriza zapadera zimatha kupewedwa nthawi zambiri pakungowonjezera njira yolumikizira mapuloteni enaake. Kupititsa patsogolo kutsitsa kwa ma antibody / protein (oteteza ochepa kwambiri kapena ochulukirapo kumatha kubweretsa kudzimanga kosakhala kwapadera), nthawi yakulimbirana ndi antibody, komanso choyankhira chake ndizo mbali zonse zakukhathamiritsa kwa conjugation. Mapuloteni, opanga ma surfactant, kapena ma polima atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oletsa pamagawo oyeserera (mwachitsanzo conjugate diluent, pre-pre-chithandizo, conjugate pad pre-chithandizo, buffer, etc.). Kuyambitsanso mosiyana kumasiyana ndi kumangika kosadziwika kwenikweni chifukwa kumachitika pamene antibody amamangirira kwa wofufuza mu zitsanzo zomwe SIZOYENERA kulingalira. Ili ndi vuto lovuta kuthana nalo, ndipo nthawi zambiri limafunikira kusintha kwa ma antibody omwe sagwirizana ndi ma analytic osafunikira.
Chitsanzo chokhala ndi ma antibodies a heterophilic (ma antibodies a endogenous omwe amamanga ma antibodies a assay) chingapereke zotsatira zabodza. Mitundu ingapo ya ma antibodies a heterophilic imatha kuyambitsa kulumikizana pakati pa antibody yolumikizidwa ku nanoparticle ndi antibody pamzere woyesera, ngakhale pamene analyte yowunikira palibe. Ngati zotsatira zabodza zikuwonetsa mphamvu yomweyo ya chizindikiro ngakhale mutachepetsa chitsanzocho, m'malo mochepetsa mphamvu ya chizindikiro, zitha kukhala chifukwa cha ma antibodies a heterophilic. Ma antibodies a anthu omwe ali mu chitsanzo chomwe chimagwirizana ndi ma antibodies a assay kuti apange zotsatira zabodza kapena zabodza amatchedwa ma antibodies a heterophilic. Antibody ya heterophilic imatha kukula mwa wodwala chifukwa chokumana ndi nyama zinazake kapena zinthu za nyama, matenda a bakiteriya kapena ma virus, kapena osakhala enieni. Kuyesa kwa zotsatira zabodza kumatha kuchitika pazigawo zingapo za njira yoyesera yoyipa ndi woyesedwa (monga, thick smear pa khadi la Haemoccult) ndi kuwerenga kolakwika kwa mayeso. Kuwerenga mochedwa kungayambitsenso zotsatira zabodza, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a latex agglutination. Zotsatira zabodza zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha kutayika kwa magazi m'thupi mwa munthu amene sali m'gulu labwinobwino.
Zotsatira zabodza zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa homeostasis (monga kukonza kosakwanira kuchotsa, kuletsa kwa kayendedwe ka maselo, kutupa) komwe kungachitike nembanemba ya maselo isanawonongeke ndipo necrosis/apoptosis ingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito histopathology. Zotsatirazi zitha kuwonjezera kusamuka kwa DNA pamalo omwe adakhudzana nawo komanso m'minyewa ina pamene minofu ikuchitapo kanthu kuvulala kwa maselo ndipo kutupa kwa thupi kumapita patsogolo, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa.
Kutsiliza
Kuyesa kwa lateral flow assay ndikosavuta, kosavuta kupeza, komanso kotsika mtengo koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zotsatira zake nthawi zina sizingakhale zoona. Makhalidwe apadera komanso apadera a ma LFA athandiza kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda ndi zinthu zoyambitsa matenda mu zamankhwala, ulimi, chitetezo cha chakudya, komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti mfundo ya njira iyi yakhala yosasinthika kwa zaka zambiri, njira za LFA zakhala zikukonzedwa nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi kuberekana, komanso kuzindikira nthawi imodzi kwa ma analyte angapo. Chofunika kwambiri, mayeso awa tsopano akhoza kuchitidwa kunja kwa labotale, zomwe zimapereka phindu lalikulu pogwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko osatukuka komanso pamalo osamalira odwala, kaya m'munda kapena m'malo azachipatala wamba. Ngakhale kuti kuyesa kwa lateral flow assay kungasonyeze zabwino zabodza komanso zotsatira zosiyana, njira zina zitha kuyesedwa ndikuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe.
Zothandizira
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993616300668
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/