Kufufuza Kwotsatira: Mfundo, Mapangidwe, ndi Zolemba
Otsatira Otsatira Masewera ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyeserera komanso kuyesa kwa mayesedwe ndipo imadziwikanso kuti kuyesa kwenikweni. Kuyesa Kwamafupipafupi ndizida zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi madera onse azachipatala pomwe kupezeka kwa ma analytic kulipo. Kuyang'ana momwe zinthu ziliri padziko lonse lapansi, akugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa Coronavirus. Popeza ndizodalirika, zotsika mtengo, ndipo zimafikirika kwa aliyense zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mayesero apakati, matenda a bakiteriya, matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuyesa kwamayeso pambuyo pake sikutanthauza mtundu uliwonse waophunzitsidwa kapena akatswiri. Pulogalamu ya ofananira otaya mayesero Njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito pophatikiza ma anti-antigen kapena ma antigen kapena cholinga cha DNA- kusakanizidwa kwa DNA.
Mfundo
Mfundo zomwe Kufufuza Kwotsatira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mu Lateral Flow Assay, mtundu wamadzi kapena masanjidwewo amayenda mothandizidwa ndi magulu ankhondo osatha ie capillary action. Matric ali ndi owunikira omwe amafunikira kuti athe kupeza zotsatira zamalonda. Madziwo amayenda kudzera m'mitundu ingapo yama polymeric pomwe ma analytic ndi ma molekyulu amatha kuphatikizidwa. Mfundo yonse imagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana a Lateral Flow assay popeza pali ma pads osiyanasiyana omwe madzi amayendera kuti atulutse zotsatira. Gawo loyamba logwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi ndikuti chitsanzocho chimayikidwa pachida chomwe chimathamangira kuchigawo chotsatira. Ikangoyenda, kusefako kumachitika kumene magawo osafunikira kapena osafunikira amachotsedwa kapena kusefedwa. Mkati mwa nthawi yomwe mwayesedwa kuyesa kumaliza, kuyesa konse kumachitika motero zotsatira zimawoneka. Chitsanzocho chikamafika panjira yolumikizira ya chipangizocho, ma particles owumawo amakhala osakanikirana ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono. Gawo lotsatira lomwe limachitika ndikutuluka kwa ma nanoparticles omangika ndi ma analyte ndikupeza mwayi wazingwe zowongolera zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira. Choyikiracho chimatha kuyamba kuyenderera kupaketi ya conjugate, yomwe imakhala ndi ma nanoparticles ofiira kwambiri kapena owala kwambiri okhala ndi anti antibody pamwamba pake. Palinso poyilo yolowerera yomwe imamwa nyemba zoyeserera kapena zoyeserera kwathunthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe madzi otsalira mozungulira mizere yoyeserera ndi kuwongolera. Ntchitoyi ikamalizidwa ndikutsatira mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito zotsatira zimakwaniritsidwa.
ziwembu
Mapangidwe a otaya ofananira nawo zofufuza zimapangidwa ndi chromatographic system. M'dongosolo la chromatography, zigawozi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kake kudzera munjira yoyankhira komanso chitetezo chamthupi monga antigen ndi antibody reaction kapena DNA hybridization, ndi nucleic-acid target analyte. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa lateral kumapangidwa ndi phukusi loyeserera, kulumikiza koyipa, nembanemba ya nitrocellulose, zolemba, nanoparticles, pad wicking wicking, ndi buffer yolumikizidwa ndi iyo muzida zina zokha. Kapangidwe kazoyeserera kotsatira kumadalira kagwiritsidwe, kukhazikika, magwiridwe antchito, ndi chitetezo. Pali ma module omwe akuyenera kutsatidwa popanga mayeso oyeserera ndi zida zoyesera. Pakapangidwe kazoyeserera kotsatira, zofunikira zathupi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zofunikira zathupi za LFA ndizoyimira cartridge, mawonekedwe a cartridge ie conjugate pad ndi samp pad, mawonekedwe owerenga, ndi zina. Mapangidwe a LFA nawonso amadalira magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe amachitidwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi izi aphatikizira njira yowunikira, mtundu wa owunikira mayeso, magwiridwe antchito azachipatala, chidwi ndi malire, ndi zina zambiri. Zinthu zina ziwiri zofunika pakapangidwe kazoyeserera kotsogola ndikusamalira zofunikira za sapling. Kusamalira zofunikira pakupanga kwa LFA ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chilengedwe, komanso moyo wamtambo. Pomwe zofunikira pakuyesa kwamayeso oyeserera pambuyo pake ndi mitundu ya nyemba, kutentha komwe mtunduwo ungasungidwe, kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti isungidwe, ndi chithandizo cha mtunduwo.
Malemba
Mu Lateral Flow Assay, pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimapatsidwa dzina la zilembo. Zina mwazolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku LFA ndi ma nanoparticles agolide, madontho ochuluka, mikanda yamtundu wa latex, nanoparticles zasiliva, selenium nanoparticles, ma enzyme, liposomes, ndi ena ambiri. Nawa ochepa a zilembo ku LFA zomwe tikambirane. Zolemba zilizonse zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Lateral Flow Assay ziyenera kupezeka pamunsi kwambiri ndipo zomwe zilembedwe ziyenera kusungidwa mpaka kulumikizana ndi mamolekyulu a biorecognition. Choyamba, ma colloidal golide nanoparticles ndi amodzi mwamakalata ofala kwambiri. Ma particles agolide a Colloidal amalephera kuyenda ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ma nanoparticles agolide okhala ndi colloidal amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma biomolecule omwe amachititsa kuti magwiridwe awo akhale osavuta. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe awo amasiyana. Zina mwazodziwika kwambiri za ma nanoparticles agolide ndizomwe zimakongoletsa chilengedwe, kuyanjana kwawo kwambiri ndi mamolekyulu ndi mapuloteni, mawonekedwe abwino, ndikukhazikika kwawo. Chizindikiro china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu LFAs ndi maginito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa pazida. Maginito amtundu wamaginito mu LFA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kupanga mizere yamitundu yomwe amawerenga ndi chida kapena owerenga. Palinso chowerenga maginito chowerengera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerenga zikwangwani zochokera kwa iwo. Ma enzyme amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku LFA ndipo amawonjezera gawo limodzi munthawi yonseyi. Ikuwonjezera gawo lakuwonjezera gawo loyenera pambuyo poti mayesowo amalizidwa. Colloidal kaboni imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu LFAs ndi utoto wakuda. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, amadziwika mosavuta ndikumvetsetsa kwambiri.
Kutsiliza
The Mayeso Otsatira Otsatira ndi chimodzi mwazida zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mfundo, kapangidwe, ndi zilembo zamayendedwe ofananira wamphamvuzonse zimakhala zosiyana ndi zina mwa zida za Lateral Flow Assay zomwe zimasinthanso magwiridwe antchito a lateral flow assay. Mfundo zonse, mamangidwe ndi zolemba ndi magawo ofunikira a LFA.
Zothandizira
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/lateral-flow-assay-design
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35694-9
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131961031400129X