Kufufuza Kwotsatira: Mfundo, Mapangidwe, ndi Zolemba
Ma Lateral Flow Assays ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma test ndi malo osamalira odwala ndipo amadziwikanso kuti realistic testing. Ma Lateral Flow Assays ndi zipangizo zazing'ono komanso zochepa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'magawo onse azachipatala komwe kuli ma analytes. Poganizira zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, akugwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa Coronavirus. Popeza ndi odalirika, otsika mtengo, komanso opezeka kwa aliyense, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mimba , matenda a bakiteriya, matenda a ma virus, ndi matenda a parasitic. Mayeso a Lateral flow Assays safuna antchito ophunzitsidwa kapena apadera. Njira yoyesera lateral flow imagwira ntchito pa kuphatikiza kwa biochemical kwa ma antibodies ndi ma antigen kapena DNA target- DNA hybridization.
Mfundo
Mfundo zomwe Lateral Flow Assay imagwirira ntchito ndizosavuta. Mu Lateral Flow Assay, chitsanzo chamadzimadzi kapena matrix chimayenda mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zamuyaya monga capillary action. Matric ili ndi target analyte yomwe ndi yofunikira pakupeza zotsatira. Madziwo amayenda kudzera m'mizere yosiyanasiyana ya polymeric komwe analytes ndi mamolekyu amatha kuphatikizidwa. Mfundo yonseyi imagwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana a Lateral Flow assay chifukwa pali ma pads osiyanasiyana omwe madziwo ayenera kuyendamo kuti apange zotsatira. Gawo loyamba logwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi ndikuti chitsanzocho chiyikidwe pa chipangizo chomwe chimayendetsedwa ku chipangizo cha lateral flow mokwanira. Chikayenda, njira yosefera imachitika pomwe tinthu tosafunikira kapena tosafunikira timachotsedwa kapena kusefedwa. Mkati mwa nthawi yoperekedwa ya Lateral flow assay yomaliza, njira yonse imachitika ndipo zotsatira zake zimatha kuwoneka. Chitsanzocho chikafika pa conjugate pad ya chipangizocho, tinthu touma pa pad timasakanikirana ndi tinthu ta chitsanzocho. Gawo lotsatira lomwe limachitika ndi kuyenda kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalumikizidwa ndi analyte ndikupeza njira yolowera ku mizere yowongolera yomwe imabweretsa zotsatira. Chitsanzocho chimayamba kuyenda kupita ku conjugate pad, yomwe ili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapaka utoto wambiri kapena tomwe tili ndi antibody pamwamba pake. Palinso chopopera chomwe chimayamwa chitsanzocho kapena mowa wa chitsanzo chonse kuti chitsimikizire kuti palibe madzi otsala mozungulira mizere yoyesera ndi yowongolera. Pambuyo pomaliza njirayi potsatira mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito, zotsatira zake zimapezeka.
ziwembu
Mapangidwe a mayeso oyenda mbali zonse amapangidwa ndi dongosolo la chromatographic. Mu dongosolo la chromatography, zigawo zimalekanitsidwa kutengera kuyenda kwawo kudzera mu nembanemba ya reaction komanso momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito monga momwe antigen ndi antibody reaction zimachitira kapena DNA hybridization, ndi nucleic-acid target analyte. Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso oyenda mbali zonse amapangidwa ndi sample pad, conjugate bad, nitrocellulose membrane, ma label, nanoparticles, adsorbent wicking pad, ndi buffer yolumikizidwa nayo muzipangizo zina zokha. Mapangidwe a mayeso oyenda mbali zonse amadalira kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kukhazikika, magwiridwe antchito, ndi chitetezo. Pali ma module omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa popanga mayeso oyenda mbali zonse ndi zida zoyesera. Mu mapangidwe a mayeso oyenda mbali zonse, zofunikira zakuthupi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zofunikira izi zakuthupi za LFA ndi miyeso ya cartridge, mawonekedwe a cartridge mwachitsanzo conjugate pad ndi sample pad, ma specifications a owerenga, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe ka LFA kamadaliranso magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kena. Mwachitsanzo, magwiridwe antchito ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi izi adzaphatikizapo njira yowunikira, mawonekedwe a analyte yoyesera, magwiridwe antchito azachipatala, kukhudzidwa ndi malire ake, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zina ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mayeso oyenda mbali ndi zofunikira pakusamalira ndi kubzala mbande. Zofunikira pakusamalira kapangidwe ka LFA ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chilengedwe, komanso moyo wa chipolopolocho. Pomwe zofunikira pakusankha zitsanzo pakupanga mayeso oyenda mbali ndi mitundu ya zitsanzo, kutentha komwe chitsanzocho chingasungidwe, kutentha komwe kumafunika kuti chisungidwe, ndi chithandizo cha chitsanzocho.
Malemba
Mu Lateral Flow Assay, pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimapatsidwa dzina la zilembo. Zina mwazolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku LFA ndi ma nanoparticles agolide, madontho ochuluka, mikanda yamtundu wa latex, nanoparticles zasiliva, selenium nanoparticles, ma enzyme, liposomes, ndi ena ambiri. Nawa ochepa a zilembo ku LFA zomwe tikambirane. Zolemba zilizonse zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Lateral Flow Assay ziyenera kupezeka pamunsi kwambiri ndipo zomwe zilembedwe ziyenera kusungidwa mpaka kulumikizana ndi mamolekyulu a biorecognition. Choyamba, ma colloidal golide nanoparticles ndi amodzi mwamakalata ofala kwambiri. Ma particles agolide a Colloidal amalephera kuyenda ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ma nanoparticles agolide okhala ndi colloidal amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma biomolecule omwe amachititsa kuti magwiridwe awo akhale osavuta. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe awo amasiyana. Zina mwazodziwika kwambiri za ma nanoparticles agolide ndizomwe zimakongoletsa chilengedwe, kuyanjana kwawo kwambiri ndi mamolekyulu ndi mapuloteni, mawonekedwe abwino, ndikukhazikika kwawo. Chizindikiro china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu LFAs ndi maginito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa pazida. Maginito amtundu wamaginito mu LFA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kupanga mizere yamitundu yomwe amawerenga ndi chida kapena owerenga. Palinso chowerenga maginito chowerengera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerenga zikwangwani zochokera kwa iwo. Ma enzyme amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku LFA ndipo amawonjezera gawo limodzi munthawi yonseyi. Ikuwonjezera gawo lakuwonjezera gawo loyenera pambuyo poti mayesowo amalizidwa. Colloidal kaboni imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu LFAs ndi utoto wakuda. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo, amadziwika mosavuta ndikumvetsetsa kwambiri.
Kutsiliza
Mayeso a Lateral Flow Assay ndi amodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mfundo, mapangidwe, ndi zilembo za lateral flow assay zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zida zina za Lateral Flow Assay zomwe zimasinthanso momwe chipangizocho chimagwirira ntchito. Mfundo zonse, mapangidwe, ndi zilembo ndizofunikira kwambiri mu LFAs.
Zothandizira
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/lateral-flow-assay-design
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35694-9
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131961031400129X