Ngaphambi kokungena kwimigaqo yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwe Ukuhamba kamva IAsay Kubalulekile ukwenza intshayelelo emfutshane malunga Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva. Ukuvavanywa kweMva kwexesha okanye ukubizwa ngelinye igama okt immunochromatography isetyenziselwa ukukhangela ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwee-analyties ukufumana iziphumo ezifunwayo. Abadlali abaphambili ababandakanyekayo kweli qela ziiantigen, iintlobo zeantibody, kunye nesampuli okanye imatriki. Kwakhona, Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva zisetyenziselwa inani lokufumanisa okanye lokuchonga izinto njengoko zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza ngophawu lomhlaza, ukukhulelwa, ukufumanisa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ukugqithisa, ii-pathogen, izifo ezosulelayo, kunye neziphawuli zentliziyo.
Ukusebenza kovavanyo lokuvavanywa kwemva kwexesha kusekwe kwimiba emi-4. Okokuqala, sisixhobo esinephepha lesampulu, iphedi yokudibanisa, umgca wovavanyo, kunye nomgca wolawulo (umtya we nitrocellulose). Icandelo ngalinye lokuyila lahlulwe ngumgama omncinci ovumela ukuhamba kakuhle kwesampulu. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokusebenzisa esi sixhobo kukuba isampuli ifakwe kwisixhobo esihamba kwisixhobo sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Nje ukuba inkqubo yokuhluza iqhubeke apho izinto ezingafunekiyo okanye ezingafunekiyo zingathathi hlangothi okanye zihluziweyo. Ngexesha elinikiweyo lokugqitywa kovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kwetyala, yonke inkqubo iyenzeka kwaye ngenxa yoko iziphumo zinokubonakala. Xa isampulu ifikelela kwiphedi yokudibanisa yesixhobo amasuntswana omisiweyo kwiphedi adityaniswa namasuntswana esampulu.
Inyathelo elilandelayo elenzekayo kukuhamba kwee-nanoparticles eziboshwe ngohlalutyo kunye nokufikelela kwimigca yolawulo ekhokelela kwiziphumo. Isampulu inokuthi iqale ngokuhamba iye kwi-conjugate pad, enee-nanoparticles ezinemibala kakhulu okanye i-fluorescent ene-antibody kuluhlu lwazo oluphezulu. Kukho iphedi yokujija ethatha isampulu okanye isampulu yotywala ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho manzi ashiyekileyo ngasemva kovavanyo nakwimigca yokulawula. Umgca wolawulo kwisixhobo sokuhamba esisecaleni esibhalwe njenge-C senziwe ngamadlala asondeleyo anceda ngakumbi ukubopha i-nanoparticle conjugate kunye okanye ngaphandle kobukho be-analytical kwisisombululo sokuqinisekisa ukuba i-assay isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba kungenjalo . Ngokusisiseko, indlela yovavanyo kusetyenziswa esi sixhobo isekwe kwimiba yempendulo ye-antigen-antibody. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana kunokunika ukufundwa ngeendlela ezimbini nokuba zezokulinganisa okanye zokulinganisa.
Ukubakhokelela phambili kwinkcazo ebanzi, inqanaba lokuqala leliphepha lesampulu apho isampulu ihamba khona emva koko ifunxwe. Kukho ithuba lokuba icebo lokucoca ulwelo lisenokuba likwisampulu yephedi ukuhambisa inani elichanekileyo nelifunekayo lesampulu. Inqanaba lesibini likwi-pad conjugate. Iphedi yokudibanisa iqala ukusebenza emva kokuba isampulu ifunxiwe kwaye ineelebheli ezihlanganisiweyo kunye neentsholongwane eziza kubala ukuba ngaba ii-analytic zikhona kwisampulu okanye azikho kwiziganeko ezibophayo. Emva kwala manqanaba mabini, ukusebenza kwenwebu ye-nitrocellulose kuqala ukusebenza. Kwi-membrane ye-nitrocellulose, ii-analytic okanye ii-antibodies ezikhoyo kwisampulu kunye nephedi edityanisiweyo iya kubopha kunye nezo zephedi ye-nitrocellulose. Emva koku, iya kugqitha kwiphedi yokufunxa eya kuthi incede ekufuneni isixa esongezelelweyo sesampulu kwaye ivelise iziphumo.
Ukubonisa umzekelo wokusebenza kwe Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba kamvaUmzekelo we-antibody ekhawulezileyo yovavanyo lweCovid-19 ungathathwa. Xa isampulu okanye isampulu yongezwa kwisampulu yesixhobo esisecaleni sokuhamba kwesixhobo sokuvavanywa, iyagqitha kumboniso wefilimu kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yifilitha yefilimu. Nje ukuba kugqitywe ukubakho okanye ukungabikho komhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuko kuya kuvavanywa kwaye ukuba isampulu iya kuba nee-analyties ezinqwenelekayo iya kudibana ne-antigen ebizwa ngokuba yi-colloidal-gold label antigen eya kuthi ibe nebhanti enemibala. Ukuba kukho ibhendi enemibala ichaza ubukho bee-analyties ekujoliswe kuzo kwisampulu eyongezwe kuvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba kwexesha lokuvavanywa kunye neenjongo zokuqonda isifo. Kwaye ukuba akukho mgca unemibala oko kuthetha ukuba iziphumo azisebenzi ngokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, kukho umgca wolawulo wesixhobo sokuvavanywa kokuhamba kwexesha esibonisa ukuba isixa esaneleyo sesampulu songezwe kwisixhobo.
Ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani i-assortal yecala elisecaleni kubalulekile ukuxoxa malunga nokutolikwa kweziphumo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo ezinje nge iphedi yokudibanisa, isampulu yephedinjl. Imigca ebonakalayo kwiilebheli ze-nanosphere zegolide ezilebheli zisetyenziswa rhoqo, zibomvu ngombala kwaye azidingi phuhliso. Imilinganiselo ye iinanoparticles zegolide misela imibala eyahlukileyo ebomvu, kwaye amandla aboniswa ngumqobo wee-antibodies ezixineneyo ezivalelwe kwimigca engenamandla. Ukuba umgca obomvu uvela kumgca wovavanyo ke oko kubonisa ukuba iziphumo zilungile. Ukuthetha malunga nobunzulu, kuxhomekeke kwinani lomhlalutyi okhoyo kwi-matrix yesampuli. Kwakhona, ukubonakala komgca wolawulo kwisixhobo se-assay ye-lateral flow kufuneka ukuba uqinisekise ukuba inani elaneleyo lesampulu linikiwe kwaye isixa asikho ngaphantsi kovavanyo kwaye sinika iziphumo ezichanekileyo.
Ukusebenza kwe- Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva kulula kwaye iyaqondakala. Kuba azikhawulelwanga kwiilebhu kunokuba zisebenzele iinjongo zelebhu kwaye umntu unokuzisebenzisa ngokulula kwaye aqonde iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezimangalisayo zesixhobo sokuvavanywa kokuhamba komva, kunye iinanoparticles zegolide, benze uvavanyo lube yinkqubo elula kwaye yafikeleleka. Banendima enkulu kwiiklinikhi kunye nokuqonda isifo.
Ucaphulo
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lateral-flow-test
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics#target
