Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokuhamba kwexesha: Imigaqo, uyilo kunye neelebheli
Ukuhamba kamva Imisebenzi zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye nenqaku lokuvavanywa kokhathalelo kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba kuvavanyo olululo. Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokuhamba kwexesha zizinto ezincinci nezincinci ezithi zisetyenziswe phantse kuwo onke amabakala ezonyango apho kufunyanwa khona ii-analytic. Ukujonga imeko yangoku kwihlabathi jikelele, zikwasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iCoronavirus. Njengoko zithembekile, zibiza indleko, kwaye ziyafikeleleka kuye wonke umntu esetyenziselwa yena iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa, usulelo lwebhakteria, usulelo lwentsholongwane, kunye nosulelo lweparasitic. Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwexesha emva kwexesha alufuni naluphi na uhlobo lwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo okanye abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Inkqubo ye- Ukuvavanywa kwemeko esecaleni ubuchwephesha busebenza ngokudityaniswa kwe-biochemical ye-antibodies kunye neantigens okanye i-DNA ekujolise kuyo- i-DNA hybridization.
Principles
Imigaqo apho Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva imisebenzi isisiseko. Kwi-Lateral Flow Assay, isampuli engamanzi okanye i-matrix flow ngoncedo lwemikhosi engunaphakade okt isenzo se-capillary. Imatriki ine-analyte ekujoliswe kuyo eyimfuneko ekufumaneni imveliso yentengiso yeziphumo. Ulwelo luhamba ngemicu ye-polymeric eyahlukeneyo apho ii-analyties kunye neemolekyuli zinokudityaniswa. Umgaqo wonke usebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oVavanyo lokuHamba okuMva njengoko kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho ulwelo kufuneka luhambe khona ukuvelisa iziphumo. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokusebenzisa esi sixhobo kukuba isampuli ifakwe kwisixhobo esihamba kwisixhobo sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Nje ukuba inkqubo yokuhluza iqhubeke apho izinto ezingafunekiyo okanye ezingafunekiyo zingathathi hlangothi okanye zihluziweyo. Ngexesha elinikiweyo lokugqitywa kovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kwetyala, yonke inkqubo iyenzeka kwaye ngenxa yoko iziphumo zinokubonakala. Xa isampulu ifikelela kwiphedi yokudibanisa yesixhobo amasuntswana omisiweyo kwiphedi adityaniswa namasuntswana esampulu. Inyathelo elilandelayo elenzekayo kukuhamba kwee-nanoparticles eziboshwe ngohlalutyo kunye nokufikelela kwimigca yolawulo ekhokelela kwiziphumo. Isampulu inokuthi iqale ngokuhamba iye kwi-conjugate pad, enee-nanoparticles ezinemibala kakhulu okanye i-fluorescent ene-antibody kuluhlu lwazo oluphezulu. Kukho iphedi yokujija ethatha isampulu okanye isampulu yotywala ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho manzi ashiyekileyo ngasemva kovavanyo nakwimigca yokulawula. Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe ngokulandela imigaqo yayo yokusebenza iziphumo ziyafezekiswa.
Iimpawu
Uyilo lwe ukuhamba komda I-assay yenziwe yinkqubo ye-chromatographic. Kwinkqubo ye-chromatografi, izinto ezohlukeneyo zahlulwe ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kwazo ngenwebu yokuphendula kunye nokuphendula komzimba njenge-antigen kunye ne-antibody reaction okanye i-DNA hybridization, kunye ne-nucleic-acid ekujolise kuyo. Ngaphaya koko, uvavanyo lwecala lokuhamba luyilelwe ngesampulu yesampulu, ukudibanisa okubi, inwebu ye-nitrocellulose, iilebheli, ii-nanoparticles, i-adsorbent pad wicking, kunye ne-buffer eqhotyoshelwe kuyo kwezinye izixhobo kuphela. Uyilo lweemvavanyo zokuhamba ngokulandelelana kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni, kuzinzo, kwintsebenzo nakukhuseleko. Kukho iimodyuli ekufuneka zilandelwe xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lokuhamba komda kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo. Kuyilo lophononongo lwecala lokuhamba, iimfuno zomzimba zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi mfuno zomzimba ze-LFA yimilinganiselo yeCartridge, iimpawu zecartridge okt ukudibanisa iphedi kunye nesampulu yephedi, iinkcukacha zabafundi, njl njl. Uyilo lwe-LFA luxhomekeke ekusebenzeni nakwiimpawu zoyilo oluthile. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nayo ziya kubandakanya indlela yohlalutyo, ifomathi yovavanyo ekujoliswe kulo, ukusebenza kweklinikhi, ubuntununtunu kunye nomda wokucaciswa, njalo njalo. Ezi zinto zimbini zibalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-assay yokuhamba ngokulandelelana zijongana kunye neemfuno zesitampu. Ukuphatha iimfuno zoyilo lwe-LFA zibaluleke ngakumbi kwindalo esingqongileyo, kunye nobomi beqokobhe. Ngelixa iimfuno zesampulu yoyilo lovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana ziindidi zesampulu, iqondo lobushushu apho isampulu inokugcinwa khona, iqondo lobushushu elifunekayo lokugcina, kunye nonyango lwesampulu.
iilebhile
Kwi-Asseral Flow Assay, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinikwe igama leelebheli. Ezinye zeelebheli ezisetyenziswe kwi-LFA zii-nanoparticles zegolide, amachaphaza e-quantum, amaso e-latex anemibala, ii-nanoparticles zesilivere, i-selenium nanoparticles, ii-enzyme, i-liposomes kunye nezinye ezininzi. Nazi iilebhile ezimbalwa ze-LFA eziza kuxutyushwa. Naliphi na ileyibhile esetyenzisiweyo kuVavanyo loVavanyo oluMva kwexesha kufuneka ibonwe kwindawo yoxinaniso esezantsi kakhulu kwaye iipropathi zeelebheli kufuneka zigcinwe kude kube kukudibana kunye neemolekyuli zokuqonda. Okokuqala, ii-nanoparticles zegolide ze-colloidal yenye yeelebheli eziqhelekileyo. Amasuntswana egolide eColloidal akakwazi ukuhamba kwaye anobume obugqibeleleyo. Ngapha koko, ii-nanoparticles zegolide ze-colloidal zinobudlelwane obuphezulu ngokubhekisele kwii-biomolecule ezenza ukuba ukusebenza kwazo kube lula. Ubungakanani kunye nokumila kuyahluka. Ezinye zezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zeenanoparticles zegolide kukwenziwa kwendalo okusingqongileyo, ukudibana kwabo okuphezulu ukuya kwiimolekyuli kunye neeproteni, umqondiso ophucukileyo wokubonisa, kunye nozinzo lwabo. Enye ileyibheli esetyenziswa kwii-LFAs ngamasuntswana kazibuthe kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izixhobo. Amasuntswana anemibala emagnethi kwi-LFA asetyenzisiwe okanye avelise imigca enemibala efundwa sisixhobo okanye isixhobo sokufunda. Kukwakho nomfundi olinga iimagnethi osetyenziselwa ukufunda imiqondiso evela kubo. Ii-enzyme zikwasetyenziswa kwi-LFA kwaye zonyusa inyathelo elinye kuyo yonke inkqubo. Yongeza inyathelo lokongeza i-substrate efanelekileyo emva kokuba i-assay igqityiwe. I-Colloidal carbon ikwasetyenziswa kwii-LFA kunye nombala omnyama. Ngenxa yombala wazo, zibonakala ngokulula ngovakalelo oluphezulu.
isiphelo
The Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva sesinye sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Imigaqo, uyilo, kunye neelebheli zovavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana kwesomandla ziyahluka kwezinye izixhobo zeLateral Flow Assay eziguqula ukusebenza kweso sixhobo sokuvavanywa komda wokuhamba. Yonke imigaqo-nkqubo, uyilo kunye neelebheli ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-LFA.
Ucaphulo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/lateral-flow-assay-design
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35694-9
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131961031400129X