Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokuhamba kwexesha: Imigaqo, uyilo kunye neelebheli
IiLateral Flow Assays zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye novavanyo lweendawo zokhathalelo kwaye ikwaziwa njengovavanyo oluyinyani. IiLateral Flow Assays zizixhobo ezincinci nezincinci ezisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke intsimi yezonyango apho kukho ukufunyanwa kwee-analytes. Ukujonga imeko yangoku kwihlabathi liphela, zikwasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iCoronavirus. Njengoko zithembekile, zingabizi kakhulu, kwaye zifikeleleka kuye wonke umntu, zisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokukhulelwa , usulelo lweebhaktheriya, usulelo lweentsholongwane, kunye nosulelo lwe-parasitic. Uvavanyo lweeLateral flow Assays aludingi naluphi na uhlobo lwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo okanye abakhethekileyo. Indlela yovavanyo lwe-lateral flow assay isebenza ekudityanisweni kwe-biochemical ye-antibodies kunye ne-antigens okanye i-DNA target-DNA hybridization.
Principles
Imigaqo esebenza ngayo iLateral Flow Assay ilula kakhulu. KwiLateral Flow Assay, isampuli yolwelo okanye i-matrix ihamba ngoncedo lwamandla angunaphakade oko kukuthi i-capillary action. I-matric ine-target analyte efunekayo ekufumaneni kunye nokuveliswa kweziphumo. Ulwelo luhamba kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zepolymeric strips apho ii-analytes kunye nee-molecules zinokudityaniswa khona. Lo mgaqo usebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeLateral Flow assay njengoko kukho ii-pads ezahlukeneyo apho ulwelo kufuneka luhambe khona ukuze kuvele iziphumo. Inyathelo lokuqala lokusebenzisa esi sixhobo kukuba isampuli ibekwe kwisixhobo esithuthwa sisiya kwisixhobo sokuhamba esisecaleni ngokupheleleyo. Nje ukuba sihambe, inkqubo yokucoca yenzeka apho ii-particles ezingafunekiyo okanye ezingafunekiyo zisuswa okanye zihluzwe. Ngexesha elinikiweyo lokugqitywa kovavanyo lweLateral flow assay, yonke inkqubo iyenzeka kwaye ngaloo ndlela iziphumo zinokubonwa. Xa isampuli ifika kwi-conjugate pad yesixhobo, ii-particles ezomileyo kwi-pad ziyaxutywa nee-particles zesampuli. Inyathelo elilandelayo eliza kwenzeka kukuhamba kwee-nanoparticles ezibotshelelwe kwi-analyte kunye nokufumana ukufikelela kwimigca yokulawula ekhokelela kwiziphumo. Isampuli emva koko ingaqala ukugeleza iye kwi-conjugate pad, equlethe ii-nanoparticles ezinemibala emininzi okanye ezikhanyayo ezine-antibody kumaleko wazo ophezulu. Kukwakho ne-wicking pad efunxa isampuli okanye utywala besampuli ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho manzi ashiyekileyo ajikeleze imigca yovavanyo kunye nolawulo. Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe ngokulandela umgaqo wayo wokusebenza, iziphumo ziyafezekiswa.
Iimpawu
Uyilo lwe- lateral flow assay lwenziwe yinkqubo ye-chromatographic. Kwinkqubo ye-chromatography, izinto zahlulwe ngokusekelwe kwintshukumo yazo kwi-reaction membrane kunye ne-immune reaction njenge-antigen kunye ne-antibody reaction okanye i-DNA hybridization, kunye ne-nucleic-acid target analyte. Ngaphezu koko, i-lateral flow Assay yenzelwe i-sample pad, i-conjugate bad, i-nitrocellulose membrane, iilebheli, ii-nanoparticles, i-adsorbent wicking pad, kunye ne-buffer eqhotyoshelwe kuyo kwezinye izixhobo kuphela. Uyilo lwe-lateral flow assays luxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni, uzinzo, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko. Kukho iimodyuli ekufuneka zilandelwe ukuze kusekwe i-lateral flow assays kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo. Kwi-lateral flow assay designs, iimfuno zomzimba zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi mfuno zomzimba ze-LFA zimilinganiselo ze-cartridge, iimpawu ze-cartridge oko kukuthi i-conjugate pad kunye ne-sample pad, iinkcukacha zabafundi, njl. Uyilo lwe-LFA luxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kunye neempawu zoyilo oluthile. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nayo ziya kubandakanya indlela yohlalutyo, ifomathi ye-analyte yovavanyo ekujoliswe kuyo, ukusebenza kweklinikhi, uvakalelo kunye nomda wokuchazwa, njalo njalo. Ezinye izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-lateral flow assay ziimfuno zokuphatha kunye nokufaka iisampulu. Iimfuno zokuphatha zoyilo lwe-LFA zibaluleke ngakumbi kwindalo esingqongileyo, kunye nobomi begobolondo. Ngelixa iimfuno zesampulu zoyilo lwe-lateral flow assay ziintlobo zesampulu, ubushushu apho isampulu inokugcinwa khona, ubushushu obufunekayo ukuze kugcinwe, kunye nonyango lwesampulu.
iilebhile
Kwi-Asseral Flow Assay, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinikwe igama leelebheli. Ezinye zeelebheli ezisetyenziswe kwi-LFA zii-nanoparticles zegolide, amachaphaza e-quantum, amaso e-latex anemibala, ii-nanoparticles zesilivere, i-selenium nanoparticles, ii-enzyme, i-liposomes kunye nezinye ezininzi. Nazi iilebhile ezimbalwa ze-LFA eziza kuxutyushwa. Naliphi na ileyibhile esetyenzisiweyo kuVavanyo loVavanyo oluMva kwexesha kufuneka ibonwe kwindawo yoxinaniso esezantsi kakhulu kwaye iipropathi zeelebheli kufuneka zigcinwe kude kube kukudibana kunye neemolekyuli zokuqonda. Okokuqala, ii-nanoparticles zegolide ze-colloidal yenye yeelebheli eziqhelekileyo. Amasuntswana egolide eColloidal akakwazi ukuhamba kwaye anobume obugqibeleleyo. Ngapha koko, ii-nanoparticles zegolide ze-colloidal zinobudlelwane obuphezulu ngokubhekisele kwii-biomolecule ezenza ukuba ukusebenza kwazo kube lula. Ubungakanani kunye nokumila kuyahluka. Ezinye zezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zeenanoparticles zegolide kukwenziwa kwendalo okusingqongileyo, ukudibana kwabo okuphezulu ukuya kwiimolekyuli kunye neeproteni, umqondiso ophucukileyo wokubonisa, kunye nozinzo lwabo. Enye ileyibheli esetyenziswa kwii-LFAs ngamasuntswana kazibuthe kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izixhobo. Amasuntswana anemibala emagnethi kwi-LFA asetyenzisiwe okanye avelise imigca enemibala efundwa sisixhobo okanye isixhobo sokufunda. Kukwakho nomfundi olinga iimagnethi osetyenziselwa ukufunda imiqondiso evela kubo. Ii-enzyme zikwasetyenziswa kwi-LFA kwaye zonyusa inyathelo elinye kuyo yonke inkqubo. Yongeza inyathelo lokongeza i-substrate efanelekileyo emva kokuba i-assay igqityiwe. I-Colloidal carbon ikwasetyenziswa kwii-LFA kunye nombala omnyama. Ngenxa yombala wazo, zibonakala ngokulula ngovakalelo oluphezulu.
isiphelo
Uvavanyo lweLateral Flow Assay lolunye lwezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Imigaqo, uyilo, kunye neelebheli zovavanyo lwe-lateral flow assay zahlukile kwezinye zezixhobo zeLateral Flow Assay ezikwatshintsha ukusebenza kweso sixhobo sovavanyo lwe-lateral flow. Zonke ezi migaqo, uyilo kunye neelebheli ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-LFAs.
Ucaphulo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/lateral-flow-assay-design
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35694-9
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131961031400129X