The ukuhamba komda (Immuno) uvavanyo lelinye lamaqonga amadala okuchonga isifo awafunyanwa kwaye kamva aphuhliswa ngoo-1980. Ngokuvela kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuhamba kwexesha, iphaneli yantlukwano iye yaziswa Ukuhamba ngokulandelelana (Immuno) Uvavanyo. Uluhlu olubanzi lwee-analyties ekujolise kuzo, imicu yovavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana ngokusekwe kwimigaqo ye-immunochromatographic iyafumaneka. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwenziwa ukufumanisa isifo se-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla ukuba eli qonga lokuqonda isifo lichukunyiswa yitekhnoloji yanamhlanje ke ukuThuthwa kweMvula kamva (i-Immuno) kukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-Electrochemical kunye ne-transducers ebonakalayo kunye nokudluliswa kwedatha okungenazingcingo ngokunjalo. Ukuqhubela phambili nokwandiswa kovavanyo olubuthathaka, oluninzi, kunye nobungakanani obuya kuhlala bukhuphisana kunye nokumbalwa kokuchongwa okusetyenziswayo kwiilebhu kubonisa ukuba bangaphambi kwexesha kwaye bahambele phambili.
Uhlalutyo lwe-SWOT Ukuhamba kwexesha kwi-Immuno Assay Inika inkcazo yamandla, ubuthathaka, amathuba kunye namandla kwindawo eneenkcukacha ezinkulu. Okokuqala, ukuxoxa ngamandla okokuhamba kweLateral Imuuno assay; eyokuqala kukuba isetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo apho kufuneka khona indawo yokhathalelo njengakwiiklinikhi, amagumbi kaxakeka, igumbi loviwo lamagqirha, ukuvavanya iikhompawundi eziphilayo, ukufumanisa iinkqubo, ukujonga ubukho okanye ukungabikho kweengozi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifo okanye nakwimizi-mveliso yokutya neyokutya, useto lwe-phytopathological okanye ukukrexeza nezinto ezingalunganga ziqhelekile. Ikwayifomathi yovavanyo ekhethwayo kunye neyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo le-biowarfare, forensics, kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Sele ukuthethile oko, uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lwenziwa kwiisampulu ezineziphumo eziphume zilungile. Kwakhona, kumazwe asaphuhlayo, iLateral Flow Immuno Assay isetyenziswa kakhulu njengoko kungekho mfuneko yemicu yokubekwa kwisikhenkcisi. Ukongeza, ukutolikwa kweziphumo kwanele. Umva wokuhamba kovavanyo lwe-Immuno ziyalahlwa kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba zinokusetyenziswa kube kanye kwaye kamva zilahlwe.
Ngamandla, ubuthathaka bukhona. Okokuqala, ii-LFA azinakuhlanjwa njengoko zililinge nje inyathelo elinye kwaye ayicetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ibhlokhi ngaphambili. Isizathu kukuba ukuthintela kwangaphambili okanye nokuzihlamba kunokonakalisa ukumanzisa kunye neepropathi zecydrophobicity ezinokubangela amathuba amabi ngakumbi. Obunye ubuthathaka kwiLateral Flow Immuno Assays kukuba ayinakuphathwa kakubi njengoko ikhithi ine-dropper. Ukusetyenziswa kwethropha kuyacokiseka kwaye ukungaziphathi kakuhle kunokubangela iimpazamo kwisiphumo. Ukuza kumthamo wesixhobo esinyukayo isithintelo sinokufumaneka apho. Iivolumu zithintelwe kwi-100 μL kwaye zandiswa ziye kwi-1 milliliter. Ukugqitha kwimida yevolthi kukhokelela ekonakaleni kwe-immuostrip.
Amathuba kwiLateral Flow Immuno Assays ngokunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwelebhu. Umzekelo, siyayibona loo nto iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa zenziwa ngokulula ekhaya. Uvavanyo lwasekhaya lufumene amandla amaninzi kangangokuba lunokwenziwa ngokulula ekhaya kwaye iziphumo ziyafumaneka. Ngaphaya koko, iimvavanyo ezingezizo zokuyalelwa ziyafumaneka nazo nge-intanethi okanye ikhemesti ethile. Amathuba Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva Ziyanda imihla ngemihla njengoko zezona fomathi zovavanyo zichonga kakhulu ekufumaneni ezona ziphumo zikhawulezayo ezinje ngeewadi ezingxamisekileyo, iiklinikhi, ukuthotyelwa komthetho, ukujonga ukungabikho okanye ubukho beentsholongwane, i-forensics, nokunye okuninzi. Elinye ithuba linxulumene nobuthathaka bomthamo obuchazwe ngaphambili. Nangona kukho umda kwimithamo ye-matrix enjengegazi, ukubila, i-serum, umchamo, iplasma, njl.nje, lithuba lokufumana ezona ziphumo zichanekileyo ngokudibana novakalelo olwaneleyo lomhlalutyi wangoku. Ukuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye ukhona kwimatriki yeLateral Flow Immuno Assays (LFAs), ivolumu enomda ayinamsebenzi; kunokuba, kucetyiswa ngakumbi.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iiLateral Flow Immuno Assays zinamandla abo, ubuthathaka, kunye namathuba kukho enye into yohlalutyo lwe-SWOT ekufuneka ingalibaleki kwaye esoyikiso kwi-Lateral Flow Immuno Assays. Njengoko kusaziwa ukuba zininzi iinkqubo zovavanyo olusekwe kubuchwephesha kwaye ibeyinxalenye yolu shishino, ke, izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware yezi nkqubo azibizi mali kunokuba zifumaneke lula kwintengiso. Ukuyibonisa ngokukuko ngohlobo lwamagama, kunokubonwa ukuba i-chromatography-mass spectrometry kunye ne-fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry zifuna abasebenzi, kwaye inkqubo yokwenza i-miniaturization yezixhobo kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kwabo endaweni yeLateral Flow Immuno Assays. Kwakhona, ifomathi yokuvavanywa kwelabhoratri-kwi-chip iya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa kunakwisixhobo sokuvavanywa komthamo osecaleni kunye nokuchonga ifomathi. Ngaphaya koko, iimvavanyo ze-enzyme immuno zihlala zenziwa elebhu apho abasebenzi bezobugcisa okanye abasebenzi bakhoyo. Kodwa ngoku sijonga isoyikiso sehardware kunye netekhnoloji iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokwenza izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezaziwa ngegama le-ELISA Robots.
Izicelo zonyango kumazwe aseNtshona zinokuba negalelo kulungiselelo lokubandakanya i-LFA kuyilo lwelebhu-nge-chip. Ngapha koko, ilabhoratri yeklinikhi ihlala ikufuphi, inikezela ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo. Iindleko, kwelinye icala, ziya kunyuka ngokunyuka. Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwe-Immuno Assay Yeyona ndawo ikhethwayo kwizicelo eziyinyani zelebhu kwindawo yokhathalelo / yemfuno kuseto olunqongopheleyo lwezixhobo. Imigca inokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi ixesha elide. Oko bekutshiwo, izinto zokuhlelwa okuphezulu kufuneka zifikeleleke ngokulula, kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo wokucima okanye iziphumo ezilinganayo ezifunyenwe kusetyenziswa, umzekelo, ubeko lwebhakhowudi okanye isibonisi kufuneka sanele. Izakhelo ezitsha zicetyisiwe ukonyusa ubuntununtunu ngokuqinisa umqondiso nge-colloidal nanoparticles yegolide okanye ngokudibanisa ii-nanoparticles zegolide kunye ne-horseradish peroxidase, ethi ibe neziphumo ekukhuliseni umqondiso. Kukwacacisiwe ukuba ungazichonga njani zombini iantigens kunye ne-antibodies ngokusebenzisa iipads ezimbini zokudibanisa ukumisela umgangatho weeproteni ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ii-LFA yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo nesetyenziswayo yovavanyo lokufumanisa isifo.
Ucaphulo
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18696055/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-the-lateral-flow-assay_fig5_304624146
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-008-2287-2
https://viroresearch.com/lateral-flow-assay-advantages-disadvantages/
