Ukuhamba kamva Uvavanyo sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ngokufunyanwa komhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye, ukuba ukhona okanye hayi kwisampulu. Izixhobo zoVavanyo lweeMali ezisecaleni zisetyenziswa kwilizwe jikelele izibonelelo ezininzi kwaye esinye sezibonelelo kukuba zinokusetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya. Ngokubhekisele kuvavanyo lwasekhaya, umntu unokuzibona izifo, usulelo, kwaye enze ifayile ye- uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ekhaya. Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva Iimvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga i-biomarkers kumchamo, amathe, igazi, iplasma, kunye nezinye iisampuli ngeenjongo zokuxilonga. Ii-LFA eziqhelekileyo zivelisa iziphumo ze-semi-quantitative okanye zekhwalithi, ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokufumanisa iziphumo zobuninzi. I-LFA yindlela yokuvavanya esebenzisa iphepha ukufumanisa kunye nokulinganisa abahlalutyi kwimixube enzima. Isampuli ifakwe kwisixhobo sovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo zidla ngokufumaneka kwimizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwengamashumi amathathu.
Izinto ezihamba ngokulandelelana kwezixhobo sisampulu sephedi, iphedi yokudibanisa, inwebu ye-nitrocellulose, kunye nephedi ye-adsorbent. Xa isampulu okanye imatriki ifakwa kwisampulu yephedi iqukuqela isiya kwiphedi edityanisiweyo apho iantigens zebhayoloji kunye nezibulala-ntsholongwane ziqala ukubopha kunye namasuntswana avela kumxube wesampulu yepad kunye neeanoparticles kwiphedi edibeneyo. Emva koko, baya kwi-membrane. Apha ii-nanoparticles ziya kuba ngumhlalutyi ziboshwe kwaye kwisixhobo soVavanyo soVavanyo lweLateral imigca emibini ilayini yovavanyo kunye nomgca wolawulo. Ezi nanoparticles ziya kuqala ukuhamba ngapha nangapha komgca wovavanyo okanye kumgca wokulawula.
Umgca wovavanyo uqukethe ii-nanoparticles ezingafakwanga ezinokudibanisa namasuntswana kwiphedi edibeneyo ukubonisa ubukho bohlalutyo ekujoliswe kulo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kumgca wovavanyo, ulwelo ludlulela kumgca wolawulo. Umgca wolawulo uqulethe iigundand zobudlelane ezisebenza ukubopha amasuntswana okudibanisa kunye nohlalutyo okanye ngaphandle komhlalutyi ukubonisa ukuba isixhobo se-assay esisecaleni sisebenza kakuhle kwaye ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoku, emva kokuba ulwelo ludlulile ukusuka kwimigca yomibini okt umgca wovavanyo kunye nomgca wolawulo kukho iphedi yentengiso. Iphedi yeAdsorbent isebenza kwintengiso yazo zonke izinto ezingamanzi ezingaphezulu. Kuba ixabiso elincinci nelilawulwayo le-matrix liyafuneka, ke ngoko, liqinisekisa ukuvumela ukuhamba kolwelo olufunekayo kuphela.
Ngelixa usenza iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa kwi izixhobo flow lateral Ezi ziifomathi ezimbini okt ifomathi yokhuphiswano kunye nefomathi yesandwich. Ukusetyenziswa kwefomathi yokhuphiswano kukufumanisa ii-analyties kwimeko yokuba ii-antibodies okanye i-analytical ayonelanga kwizibophelelo ezininzi. Kwifomathi yokhuphiswano, kukho iimolekyuli zohlalutyo kumgca wovavanyo kunye neeprotein-analyte ezintsonkothileyo kunye nephedi yokudibanisa exelela abt ubukho okanye ukungabikho komhlalutyi. Kolu hlobo lwefomathi, ukuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye akekho, izihlanganisi ziya kubopha kumgca wovavanyo. Ukuza kwifomathi yesandwich yezixhobo zokuvavanya ukuvavanywa kokukhulelwa, le fomathi isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analytors ekujoliswe kuzo, ukuba zikhona okanye azikho Ngaphambili, ezi analytez zinkulu kufuneka zibe neepitopes. Kwakhona izilwa-buhlungu ezikwindawo ezimbini zokubhabha zale fomathi zibopha ngendlela apho umhlalutyi omnye aza kubopha kunye namasuntswana adityanisiweyo kunye nolunye uhlalutyo ngolunye uvavanyo olubophayo oluya kusetyenziswa kulungelelwaniso lwamva lwe-Assay. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye wafunyanwa uya kubopha kunye ne-anti-nanoparticle conjugate kwaye avelise iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kwakhona, inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba kwifomathi yesandwich yesixhobo sokugqibela sokuhamba kwesincoko sovavanyo lokukhulelwa, umgca wemibala uyavela oko kuthetha ukuba isiphumo silungile, nangona kunjalo, kwifomathi yokhuphiswano kuya kubakho ukungabikho / ukunyamalala kwemigca enemibala kwisixhobo oko kuthetha ukuba iziphumo ziqinisekile. kwisixhobo sokuvavanywa kokuhamba komva sisebenza ngale ndlela yokwenza uvavanyo lokukhulelwa kuso.
Kuhlalutyo lovavanyo lokuvavanywa kwecala lokuhamba, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimvavanyo ziya kuba kwimiqondiso enokufundwa ngamehlo kwaye iyaqondakala ngokulula. Ukuqinisekisa ubuntununtunu besixhobo esisecaleni sokungena kwesixhobo kubalulekile ukuba ube nophawu lomeleleyo olunokwenzeka ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba. Ukuba kukho amasuntswana amakhulu ukubopha kuya komelela kodwa ukuba kuya kuba kukhulu kakhulu kuyakubakho isithintelo ekuhambeni kwesampulu. Iziphumo zesixhobo sokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana kuya kuba kwezi fomathi zilandelayo okt umgangatho, umgangatho ophakathi, kunye nobungakanani. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa kwisixhobo se-assay flow lateral, ziya kubonisa iziphumo ezisemgangathweni, okt Ewe okanye Hayi Ukuvavanywa kokukhulelwa kokuhamba kwexesha, uhlalutyo kunye neziphumo zisekwe kwi HCG Uhlalutyo. I-HCG imele i-chorionic gonadotropin yabantu eyenziwe ziiseli ze-trophoblast. Xa i-matrix ifakwa kwisampulu yesixhobo, i-chorionic gonadotropin ibotshelelwe kwii-nanoparticles zegolide ezidityaniswe ne-antibody yovavanyo kunye ne-anti-conjugated antibody. Kuba oku kukudityaniswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-hCG kumchamo wakho, ukugxila kwayo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lwakho. Umda wokufunyanwa kovavanyo uhlala uphakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-100 mIU / mL. Ukuthetha malunga noxilongo lobungakanani, ukunyanzeliswa komgca wovavanyo kumiselwe ngumgangatho osetiweyo okt ubizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wokulinganisa kwaye koku, ii-analytic ziguqulwa zaba lixabiso loxinzelelo. Ukumisela iziphumo ezichanekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umfundi wokufunda ukuze afunde iziphumo kwisixhobo sovavanyo soVavanyo lweLateral.
isiphelo
Izixhobo zoVavanyo lweeMali ezisecaleni zibiza indleko kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngamazwe ahambele phambili kunye nasaphuhlayo. Ngaphaya koko, izixhobo zokuhamba ngokulandelelana yenye yeendlela zokuvavanya ezinokuthenjwa iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa njengoko zivelisa iziphumo eziyinyani kwaye phantse wonke umntu uyazi ukuba angazisebenzisa njani xa ziluncedo. Isixhobo sovavanyo lweLateral Flow sesona sona siphezulu sokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo ekhaya.
Ucaphulo
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://studentsxstudents.com/pregnancy-tests-covid-19-testing-an-explanation-of-lateral-flow-assays-b45282ebdda4