Yintoni enokuba sisizathu seZiphumo eziBubuxoki zoVavanyo lokuHamba ngokuMva?

Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni (i-LFA) liqonga elisekwe kakuhle lovavanyo lwe-point-of-care (POC) kwaye isizathu kukuba lixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, ii-LFA eziqhelekileyo zivelisa iziphumo ezisemgangathweni okanye ezikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokufumanisa ubungakanani. Uvavanyo lokuhamba ecaleni (i-LFA) liqonga elisekelwe ephepheni lokufumanisa nokulinganisa ii-analytes kwimixube enzima. Isampulu ibekwa kwisixhobo sovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo ziboniswa kwimizuzu emi-5-30. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zophuhliso kunye nokulula kokuveliswa kwee-LFA, usetyenziso lwazo luye lwanda lwaya kuluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo ezifuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo.

Isampuli engamanzi, njengegazi, i-serum, iplasma, umchamo, amathe, okanye izinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo, zongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisampulu yesampulu kwaye zikhohlakele ngesixhobo sokuhamba esisecaleni esiza kusetyenziswa. Iphedi yesampulu iyayekisa isampulu kwaye icoca izinto ezingafunekiyo njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Isampulu emva koko inokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo iye kwi-conjugate pad, equlathe imibala okanye i-fluorescent nanoparticles ene-antibody kumphezulu wayo. Ezi nanoparticles zomisiweyo ziyakhutshwa kwaye zixutywe nesampulu xa ulwelo lufikelela kwiphedi yokudibanisa. Ukuba i-antibody yamkela naziphi na ii-analyties ekujoliswe kuzo kwisampulu, ziya kubopha kwi-antibody.

Kubekho ukwanda kwemfuno yovavanyo oluninzi lwe-point-of-care olunemigca emininzi yovavanyo evumela ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza nangokungaxeshanye kweesampuli ezininzi ze-point-of-care kwimbali yangoku. Olu vavanyo (mhlawumbi i-LFA enye) kufuneka lube lula ulwenza ngaphandle koncedo lwelebhu okanye abantu abaqeqeshwe kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali. Ii-LFA zibalaseleyo kuba azibizi kakhulu ukuvelisa, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zamkelwe ngokubanzi ngabasebenzisi kunye namagunya olawulo.

Nangona ulungelelwaniso lwecala lokuhamba uluncedo kwaye yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo kuvavanyo nangona kunjalo kukho ukusilela kunye neengxaki ezibonwe kuVavanyo lokuhamba kwexesha elizayo kunye neziphumo, ngakumbi. Lo ngumbuzo odla ngokubuzwa wokuba kutheni iziphumo ezilungileyo ezingezizo kwi-lateral flow assay zikhona kwaye kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuxhomekeka kwisebe lezesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu zokuba iziphumo ezibuxoki ziphume kwiLateral Flow Assay kuxoxwa nzulu ngazo kwimpendulo elandelayo. Xa umgca wovavanyo ubonwa kukungabikho kohlalutyo olunqwenelekayo, iziphumo ezibubuxoki zinokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukubopha okungachazwanga, ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona, okanye ii-antibacteria heterophilic.

Ukwenza ulingo kunye nokususa iziphumo ezilungileyo ezingeyonyani, kufuneka uchonge ukuba zeziphi kwezi zinto okanye indibaniselwano yezi zinto ebangela isiphumo esingeyonyani. Ukubopha okungachazwanga kwenzeka xa kukho unxibelelwano olungangqalanga phakathi kwe-anti-nanoparticle conjugate kunye ne-antibody kumgca wovavanyo, nokuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye ukhona okanye akakho. Ukubopha okungachazwanga kunokuthintelwa ngokufezekisa inkqubo yokudibanisa iproteni ethile. Ukwenza ukuba kulayishwe i-antibody / protein yokulayisha (into encinci kakhulu okanye into eninzi kakhulu inokubangela ukubopha okungachazwanga), ixesha lokuxubusha i-antibody, kunye ne-buffer yokuphendula yiyo yonke imiba yokudityaniswa kokudibana. Iiproteni, ii-surfactants, okanye iipolymers zinokusetyenziswa njengeearhente zokuthintela icandelo lovavanyo (umz. Ukusebenza kwakhona komnqamlezo kwahlukile kunokubopha okungachazwanga kwinto yokuba kwenzeka xa i-antibody ibophelela kumhlalutyi kwisampulu engenguye umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye. Le yingxaki enzima ukuyisombulula, kwaye ihlala ifuna ukutshintshwa kweenkqubo ze-antibody ezingadibaniyo nokusabela kwii-analytic ezingafunekiyo.

Isampulu equlethe ii-antibodies ze-heterophilic (ii-antibodies ze-endogenous ezibopha ii-antibodies ze-assay) zinokubangela iziphumo ezingalunganga. Iintlobo ezininzi zee-antibodies ze-heterophilic zinokubangela ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-antibody edibene ne-nanoparticle kunye ne-antibody kumgca wovavanyo, nokuba i-analyte ekujoliswe kuyo ayikho. Ukuba iziphumo ezingalunganga zibonisa amandla afanayo esignali nasemva kokunciphisa isampuli, endaweni yokwehla okuthe ngqo kobunzima besignali, kunokubangelwa zii-antibodies ze-heterophilic. Ii-antibodies zabantu kwisampuli ezisebenzisana nee-antibodies ze-assay ukuvelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga okanye ezingalunganga zibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies ze-heterophilic. I-antibody ye-heterophilic inokukhula kwisigulana ngenxa yokuvezwa kwizilwanyana ezithile okanye kwiimveliso zezilwanyana, usulelo lwee-arhente zebhaktiriya okanye zentsholongwane, okanye ezingezizo ngokukodwa. Uvavanyo lweziphumo ezingalunganga lunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zovavanyo olubi ngumntu ovavanyiweyo (umz., i-smear etyebileyo kwikhadi le-Haemoccult) kunye nokufundwa kovavanyo olungasebenziyo. Ukufundwa okulibazisekileyo kunokubangela neziphumo ezingalunganga, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-latex agglutination. Isiphumo esingalunganga sinokubangelwa kukulahleka kwegazi ngokwasemzimbeni kumntu ongekho kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-homeostasis (umz., ukulungiswa okungaphelelanga kokususwa kweseli, ukuvalelwa komjikelo weseli, ukudumba) okunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ii-membrane zeseli zibe sengozini kwaye i-necrosis/apoptosis ifunyanwe yi-histopathology. Ezi ziphumo zinokunyusa ukufuduka kwe-DNA kwindawo yokudibana kunye nakwezinye izicwili njengoko izicwili zisabela ekwenzakaleni kweseli kwaye impendulo yokuvuvukala kwenkqubo iyaqhubeka, kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwedosi kunye nobuninzi bokusetyenziswa.

isiphelo

Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni lulula, kulula ukulufikelela, kwaye lunoqoqosho kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla iziphumo zinokubonakala zingeyonyani, ngamanye amaxesha. Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo nezingaqhelekanga ze-LFAs zincedile ekufumaneni ii-biomarkers zesifo kunye neearhente ezisulelayo kumayeza, kwezolimo, kukhuseleko lokutya, nakukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Nangona umgaqo wale ndlela uye wahlala ungatshintshi kangangeminyaka emininzi, iindlela ze-LFA ziye zaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kobuntununtunu kunye nokuphindaphinda, kunye nokufunyanwa ngaxeshanye kwee-analytes ezininzi. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, olu vavanyo ngoku lunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwelebhu, enika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kumazwe asaphuhlayo nakwiindawo zokhathalelo, nokuba kusentsimini okanye kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zonyango. Nangona uvavanyo lokuhamba ecaleni lungabonisa iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo kwaye ngokuchaseneyo, ezinye iindlela zinokuzanywa kwaye zivavanyelwe ukuqinisekiswa.

Ucaphulo
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993616300668
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/