The ukuhamba komda uvavanyo (I-LFA) liqonga elisekwe kakuhle lokuvavanywa kwenqaku lokhathalelo (POC) kwaye isizathu sayo lixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokulula, ii-LFAs eziqhelekileyo zivelisa iziphumo ezinobulunga okanye ezilinganiselweyo kwaye zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa zokufumanisa ubungakanani . Inkqubo ye- Ukuvavanywa kwemeko esecaleni (LFA) liqonga elisekwe kwiphepha lokufumanisa kunye nokulinganisa ii-analyties kwimixube entsonkothileyo. Isampulu ibekwe kwisixhobo sovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo ziboniswa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5-30. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zophuhliso kunye nokukhululeka kwemveliso ye-LFA, izicelo zazo ziye zanda zaya kuluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo afuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo.
Isampuli engamanzi, njengegazi, i-serum, iplasma, umchamo, amathe, okanye izinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo, zongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisampulu yesampulu kwaye zikhohlakele ngesixhobo sokuhamba esisecaleni esiza kusetyenziswa. Iphedi yesampulu iyayekisa isampulu kwaye icoca izinto ezingafunekiyo njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Isampulu emva koko inokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo iye kwi-conjugate pad, equlathe imibala okanye i-fluorescent nanoparticles ene-antibody kumphezulu wayo. Ezi nanoparticles zomisiweyo ziyakhutshwa kwaye zixutywe nesampulu xa ulwelo lufikelela kwiphedi yokudibanisa. Ukuba i-antibody yamkela naziphi na ii-analyties ekujoliswe kuzo kwisampulu, ziya kubopha kwi-antibody.
Kubekho ukwanda kwemfuno indawo yokhathalelo Uvavanyo oluninzi lokuqonda isifo olunemigca yovavanyo ebanzi evumela ukubonwa okukhawulezileyo kunye ngaxeshanye kweesampulu ezininzi zokukhathalelwa kwenqaku lokhathalelo kwimbali yangoku. Uvavanyo olunjalo (olunokuthi lube yi-LFA enye) kufuneka kube lula ukuluqhuba ngaphandle koncedo lwelebhu okanye abantu abaqeqeshwe kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali. Ii-LFA zibagqatswa abagqwesileyo kuba zitshiphu ukuzivelisa, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zamkelwe ngokubanzi ngabasebenzisi kunye nabasemagunyeni abalawulayo.
Nangona ulungelelwaniso lwecala lokuhamba uluncedo kwaye yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo kuvavanyo nangona kunjalo kukho ukusilela kunye neengxaki ezibonwe kuVavanyo lokuhamba kwexesha elizayo kunye neziphumo, ngakumbi. Lo ngumbuzo odla ngokubuzwa wokuba kutheni iziphumo ezilungileyo ezingezizo kwi-lateral flow assay zikhona kwaye kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuxhomekeka kwisebe lezesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu zokuba iziphumo ezibuxoki ziphume kwiLateral Flow Assay kuxoxwa nzulu ngazo kwimpendulo elandelayo. Xa umgca wovavanyo ubonwa kukungabikho kohlalutyo olunqwenelekayo, iziphumo ezibubuxoki zinokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukubopha okungachazwanga, ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona, okanye ii-antibacteria heterophilic.
Ukwenza ulingo kunye nokususa iziphumo ezilungileyo ezingeyonyani, kufuneka uchonge ukuba zeziphi kwezi zinto okanye indibaniselwano yezi zinto ebangela isiphumo esingeyonyani. Ukubopha okungachazwanga kwenzeka xa kukho unxibelelwano olungangqalanga phakathi kwe-anti-nanoparticle conjugate kunye ne-antibody kumgca wovavanyo, nokuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye ukhona okanye akakho. Ukubopha okungachazwanga kunokuthintelwa ngokufezekisa inkqubo yokudibanisa iproteni ethile. Ukwenza ukuba kulayishwe i-antibody / protein yokulayisha (into encinci kakhulu okanye into eninzi kakhulu inokubangela ukubopha okungachazwanga), ixesha lokuxubusha i-antibody, kunye ne-buffer yokuphendula yiyo yonke imiba yokudityaniswa kokudibana. Iiproteni, ii-surfactants, okanye iipolymers zinokusetyenziswa njengeearhente zokuthintela icandelo lovavanyo (umz. Ukusebenza kwakhona komnqamlezo kwahlukile kunokubopha okungachazwanga kwinto yokuba kwenzeka xa i-antibody ibophelela kumhlalutyi kwisampulu engenguye umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye. Le yingxaki enzima ukuyisombulula, kwaye ihlala ifuna ukutshintshwa kweenkqubo ze-antibody ezingadibaniyo nokusabela kwii-analytic ezingafunekiyo.
Isampulu equlathe Iintsholongwane ze-heterophilic (ii-antibodies ezingapheliyo ezibopha ii-antibodies ze-assay) zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ezingezizo. Iindidi ezininzi zeentsholongwane ze-heterophilic zinokuphela zibangela ukunxibelelana phakathi kwe-antibody edityaniswe kwi-nanoparticle kunye ne-antibody kumgca wovavanyo, nokuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye akekho. Ukuba isiphumo esibi sobuxoki sibonisa ubungqongqo besibonakaliso esifanayo nasemva kokuxutywa kwesampulu, endaweni yokuhla komgama kumandla esignali, kunokuba ngenxa yeentsholongwane ze-heterophilic. Iintsholongwane zomntu kwisampuli esisebenzisana neesilwidi zomzimba wokuvavanya ukuvelisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo ezingezizo okanye ezingezizo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibacterial heterophilic antibodies. I-heterophilic antibody inokukhula kwisigulana njengesiphumo sokubhencwa kwizilwanyana ezithile okanye kwiimveliso zezilwanyana, usulelo kwiintsholongwane okanye kwiintsholongwane, okanye hayi ngokukodwa. Uvavanyo lweziphumo olungelolwenyani lunokwenzeka kumanqaku aliqela okwahluka kobuchule bokuvavanywa siscene (umzekelo, ukutyeba okuxineneyo kwikhadi leHaemoccult) kunye nokufundwa okungalunganga kovavanyo. Ukufunda ukulibaziseka kunokubangela iziphumo ezibubuxoki, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-latex agglutination. Iziphumo ezibubuxoki zinokubangelwa kukuphulukana kwegazi ngokwasemzimbeni kwisifundo esingekho kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.
Iziphumo eziqinisekileyo zobuxoki zinokwenzeka njengesiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwe-homeostasis (umz. inwebu yeseli zonakaliswe kwaye i-necrosis / apoptosis iyafunyanwa yi-histopathology. Ezi ziphumo zinokunyusa ukufuduka kwe-DNA kwindawo yoqhakamshelwano kunye nangaphandle kwezinye izicwili njengoko izicubu zisabela ekonzakaleni kweselula kunye nenkqubo yempendulo yokuvuvukala eqhubekayo, kuxhomekeke kukuxinana kwethamo kunye nobuninzi bolawulo.
The Ukuvavanywa kwemeko esecaleni ilula, ifikeleleka lula, kwaye inezoqoqosho kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla iziphumo zinokuza njengezingeyonyani, ngamanye amaxesha. Iipropathi ezikhethekileyo nezikhethekileyo ze-LFA ziye zanceda ekufumanekeni kwezifo ezichaphazela izifo kunye nezinto ezosulelayo kunyango, ezolimo, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokhuseleko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona umgaqo wendlela ukwazile ukuhlala ungatshintshi amashumi eminyaka, ubuchule be-LFA buye baphuculwa ngokuqhubekekayo, okukhokelela kukwanda kokuziva kunye nokuzala kwakhona, kunye nokufumanisa ngaxeshanye ii-analytics ezininzi. Ngokubalulekileyo, ezi zilingo ngoku zinokwenziwa ngaphandle kwelabhoratri, ebonelela ngezibonelelo ezibonakalayo ekusetyenzisweni kwamazwe asaphuhlayo nakwindawo yokhathalelo, nokuba kusentsimini okanye kulungiselelo oluqhelekileyo lwezonyango. Nangona uvavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana lungabonisa into engeyonyani kwaye ngokuchaseneyo iziphumo, ezinye iindlela zinokuvavanywa kwaye zivavanyelwe ukuqinisekiswa.
Ucaphulo
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993616300668
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/
