Ukuhamba kwexesha uvavanyo (LFA) yindlela eyaziwayo yokuqonda isifo kuvavanyo lwendawo yokhathalelo (POC) kwaye isizathu sayo lixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokulula. Ukuvavanywa kokuhamba kamva iimvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ii-biomarkers nakweyiphi na isampulu yomchamo, amathe, igazi, iplasma, njl.njl. Ii-LFAs eziqhelekileyo zivelisa iziphumo ezinobungakanani okanye ubungakanani, ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa ukufumana iziphumo zobungakanani. I-LFA yindlela yokuvavanya esekwe ephepheni yokufumana kunye nokulinganisa ii-analyties kwimixube entsonkothileyo. Isampulu ibekwe kwisixhobo sovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo zithiwe thaca ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu ukuya kumashumi amathathu, malunga. Izicelo ze-LFAs zandisiwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezifuna ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeendleko zazo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulula kokuvelisa.
Ezona mpawu ziphambili zovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana zichazwe ngokulandelayo. Okokuqala, ziyalahlwa oko kuthetha ukuba azinakusetyenziswa amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ngapha koko, azihlambeki. Nje ukuba zisetyenziswe kufuneka zilahlwe. Okwesibini, zinoqoqosho kwaye ngenxa yoko ziyafumaneka kwaye zifikeleleke. Okwesithathu, bomelele kwindalo, oko kuthetha ukuba banokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi kwaye babe nobomi beshelufu iminyaka emininzi.
Kumaxesha akutshanje, kuye kwakho ukukhula kweemarike kunye nesidingo sokufumana amanqaku okonwaba ngeendlela zokuvavanya isifo kunye nemigca yovavanyo ebanzi evumela ukuba kubonwe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanayo ii-analytics ezininzi kwiisampulu zononophelo. Uvavanyo olunjalo (mhlawumbi olunye I-LFA) kufuneka agudise ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ngaphandle kwenkxaso kunye noncedo lwelebhu okanye amaqela abahlalutyi bemichiza. Ii-LFA yinkqubo ekhethiweyo kuba zitshiphu ukuzenza, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zaziwa ngokubanzi ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela kunye nabasemagunyeni abalawulayo.
Ukukhankanya iintlobo zokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana, zimbini iintlobo zovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana. Iindidi zovavanyo lokuvavanywa kwecala lokuvavanywa zisuselwa kwisampulu eza kuvavanywa. Ezi ndidi zimbini ziphambili zinamacandelwana angaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-assal flow flow assay lubizwa ngokuba yiLateral Flow Immuno Assay kwaye uhlobo lwesibini lwe-LFA lubizwa ngokuba yiNucleic Acid Lateral Flow. Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immuno lwahlulwe lwangamacandelo amabini. Inye isebenza kwisiseko seentsholongwane ezisebenza njengeyona nto iphambili kwisampulu ngenjongo yokwamkelwa. Ngelixa eyesibini ineearhente ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda okanye izithako ezinje ngeeproteni, iihomoni, njl. ukusabela kwetyathanga le-polymerase (PCR).
Ukuphuhlisa uvavanyo lweLateral Flow Assay zimbini iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa. Indlela yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yifomathi yediski ngelixa yesibini ifomathi ibizwa ngokuba yikhasethi ehleliweyo. Ukusebenza kwabo kuyafana kodwa baxhomekeke kwifomathi, imfuneko yentengiso, imatriki, kunye nomzi mveliso. KuVavanyo lovavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana, zimbini iifomathi ezisebenzayo. Inye yaziwa njengesandwich kwaye eyesibini yaziwa ngegama lefomathi yokhuphiswano. Ifomathi yesandwich isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analytics ezinkulu ezinokuba neziza ezibini zokubopha okanye ii-epitopes. Iziphumo zefomathi yesandwich kukuqina komqondiso kwindawo yomgca wovavanyo ekhokelela ngokulinganayo kubungakanani bomhlalutyi okhoyo kwisampulu. Ukuphelisa imeko yexabiso lomhlalutyi, ukuba umgca wolawulo uneentlobo ze-antibody uya kuba namandla okubopha ii-nanoparticles eziya kuthi zikhokelele ngakumbi ekuveliseni umqondiso womgca wolawulo ukubonisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-assay yokuhamba kwecala.
Kuvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba kwexesha, ii-nanoparticles zisebenza njengeentatheli kwisiphumo sovavanyo oluthile. Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokufundwa kwaye zihlalutywe ngamehlo abizwa ngokuba yi-qualitative okanye i-semi-quantitative okanye ngokulula ngoncedo lwesixhobo ekuthiwa sisilinganiselo sokufunda. Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana luyasebenza ngakumbi kwaye lunokuvelisa iziphumo eziyinyani nezinqwenelekayo xa ubungakanani bamasuntswana bulele phakathi kwe-20 nm ukuya kwi-50 nm. Ukuze umqondiso obangela ukuba womelele, kukho amasuntswana e-fluorescent anokusetyenziselwa umqondiso onamandla ngakumbi kwimveliso okanye kwiziphumo zesampulu njengesiphumo. Ukuza kwifomathi yokhuphiswano yovavanyo lokuvavanywa kwe-lateral, zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analytics ngakumbi kwimeko xa iiperi ze-antibody zingafumaneki okanye i-analytical ayikho nkulu kuninzi lweziganeko ezibophayo ze-antibody. Umgca wovavanyo uhlala uqukethe imolekyuli yohlalutyo, eyinto eqhelekileyo yokuhlalutya iiprotein, kunye nephedi yokudibanisa kubandakanya ukubonwa kwe-anti-nanoparticle conjugate kwifomathi yokhuphiswano lovavanyo lweLateral Flow Assay Test. Ukuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye ubonakala, i-conjugate iya kubophelela kuyo, iyithintele ekubambeni kuhlalutyo kulayini wovavanyo.
Uhlalutyo lweemvavanyo zovavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana lusekwe kwiindidi ezintathu zeziphumo ezinokudideka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili zezi ziphumo zibubungakanani, zininzi, okanye zininzi. Kuhlalutyo lobungakanani bovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba komva, umgca wovavanyo uthelekiswa nomgangatho owaziwa njengomgangatho wokulinganisa, emva koko uguqulwe waba lixabiso loxinzelelo lomhlalutyi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchaneka ngakumbi kunye nakwiziphumo zenqaku umfundi we-strip uyacetyiswa ukuba asetyenziselwe ukuhlalutya kunye nokufunda uvavanyo.
Ukuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kokuhamba kwexesha emva kwexesha yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye neenkqubo ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ezineempawu ezizodwa. Ngaphaya koko, uVavanyo lokuHamba ngokuMva kwexesha lube yinxalenye yegalelo elikhulu kwicandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo nakwilizwe elisaphuhlayo elinendima enkulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nezinto eziluncedo kuzo aziphelelanga kwiilebhu kuphela; Endaweni yoko zisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya kwaye zingqinekile ukuba ziyasebenza, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye zibiza iindleko. Ke ngoko, iimvavanyo zokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana kunye neentlobo zazo ezahlukeneyo ziluncedo kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga kwaye ziya kuqhubeka nokukhula nezinye izixhobo ukuba zidityanisiwe ukuzisa inkqubela phambili kunye nokukhula kweli candelo.
Ucaphulo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics#target
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
