Luthini uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kwemva kwexesha?

Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo olusecaleni (i-LFA) yindlela eyaziwayo yokuxilonga uvavanyo lwe-point-of-care (POC) kwaye isizathu kukuba ixabiso layo liphantsi kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Uvavanyo lwe-Lateral Flow Assay lusetyenziselwa ukuchonga ii-biomarkers kuyo nayiphi na isampuli yomchamo, amathe, igazi, i-plasma, njl.njl. ngeenjongo zokuxilonga. Ii-LFA eziqhelekileyo zivelisa iziphumo ezinomlinganiselo ophantsi okanye osemgangathweni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukufumanisa iziphumo zobuninzi. I-LFA yindlela yovavanyo esekwe ephepheni yokufumanisa nokulinganisa ii-analytes kwimixube enzima. Isampuli ibekwa kwisixhobo sovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo ziboniswa kwimizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwengamashumi amathathu, malunga. Usetyenziso lwee-LFA luye lwanda lwaya kwiindawo ezininzi ezifuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokulula kokwenziwa kwazo.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana zichazwe ngokulandelayo. Okokuqala, ziyalahlwa oko kuthetha ukuba azinakusetyenziswa amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ngapha koko, azihlambeki. Nje ukuba zisetyenziswe kufuneka zilahlwe. Okwesibini, zinoqoqosho kwaye ngenxa yoko ziyafumaneka kwaye zifikeleleke. Okwesithathu, bomelele kwindalo, oko kuthetha ukuba banokugcinwa kubushushu begumbi kwaye babe nobomi beshelufu iminyaka emininzi.

Kutshanje, kubekho imakethi ekhulayo kunye nesidingo sovavanyo oluninzi lwe-point-of-care olunemigca yovavanyo ebanzi evumela ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuhambelanayo kwee-analytes ezininzi kwiisampuli ze-point-of-care. Olu vavanyo (mhlawumbi i- LFA enye ) kufuneka lube lula ngokwaneleyo ukuba lusebenze ngaphandle kwenkxaso kunye noncedo lwelebhu okanye amaqela abahlalutyi beekhemikhali. Ii-LFA yinkqubo ekhethwayo kuba zingabizi kakhulu ukuze zenziwe, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ziyaqatshelwa ngokubanzi ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela kunye neegunya lolawulo.

Ukukhankanya iintlobo zovavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni. Iintlobo zovavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni zisekelwe kwisampulu eza kuvavanywa. Ezi ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zinezinye iindidi ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lokuqala lovavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni lubizwa ngokuba yiLateral Flow Immuno Assay kwaye uhlobo lwesibini lwe-LFA lubizwa ngokuba yiNucleic Acid Lateral Flow. Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwemithambo ecaleni lwahlulwe lwahlulwe lwangamacandelo amabini. Olunye lusebenza ngokusekelwe kwii-antibodies ezisebenza njengenxalenye ephambili yesampulu ngenjongo yokuqaphela. Ngelixa olu lwesibini luneearhente ezahlukeneyo zokuqaphela okanye izithako ezifana neeproteni, iihomoni, njl. Uhlobo lwesibini lweLateral Flow Assay lubizwa ngokuba yiNucleic ACid lateral flow assay enceda ekufumaneni ii-amplicons ezinokuba zenziwe ngexesha le -polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Ukuphuhlisa uvavanyo lweLateral Flow Assay zimbini iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa. Indlela yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yifomathi yediski ngelixa yesibini ifomathi ibizwa ngokuba yikhasethi ehleliweyo. Ukusebenza kwabo kuyafana kodwa baxhomekeke kwifomathi, imfuneko yentengiso, imatriki, kunye nomzi mveliso. KuVavanyo lovavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana, zimbini iifomathi ezisebenzayo. Inye yaziwa njengesandwich kwaye eyesibini yaziwa ngegama lefomathi yokhuphiswano. Ifomathi yesandwich isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analytics ezinkulu ezinokuba neziza ezibini zokubopha okanye ii-epitopes. Iziphumo zefomathi yesandwich kukuqina komqondiso kwindawo yomgca wovavanyo ekhokelela ngokulinganayo kubungakanani bomhlalutyi okhoyo kwisampulu. Ukuphelisa imeko yexabiso lomhlalutyi, ukuba umgca wolawulo uneentlobo ze-antibody uya kuba namandla okubopha ii-nanoparticles eziya kuthi zikhokelele ngakumbi ekuveliseni umqondiso womgca wolawulo ukubonisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-assay yokuhamba kwecala.

Kuvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba kwexesha, ii-nanoparticles zisebenza njengeentatheli kwisiphumo sovavanyo oluthile. Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokufundwa kwaye zihlalutywe ngamehlo abizwa ngokuba yi-qualitative okanye i-semi-quantitative okanye ngokulula ngoncedo lwesixhobo ekuthiwa sisilinganiselo sokufunda. Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana luyasebenza ngakumbi kwaye lunokuvelisa iziphumo eziyinyani nezinqwenelekayo xa ubungakanani bamasuntswana bulele phakathi kwe-20 nm ukuya kwi-50 nm. Ukuze umqondiso obangela ukuba womelele, kukho amasuntswana e-fluorescent anokusetyenziselwa umqondiso onamandla ngakumbi kwimveliso okanye kwiziphumo zesampulu njengesiphumo. Ukuza kwifomathi yokhuphiswano yovavanyo lokuvavanywa kwe-lateral, zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analytics ngakumbi kwimeko xa iiperi ze-antibody zingafumaneki okanye i-analytical ayikho nkulu kuninzi lweziganeko ezibophayo ze-antibody. Umgca wovavanyo uhlala uqukethe imolekyuli yohlalutyo, eyinto eqhelekileyo yokuhlalutya iiprotein, kunye nephedi yokudibanisa kubandakanya ukubonwa kwe-anti-nanoparticle conjugate kwifomathi yokhuphiswano lovavanyo lweLateral Flow Assay Test. Ukuba umhlalutyi ekujoliswe kuye ubonakala, i-conjugate iya kubophelela kuyo, iyithintele ekubambeni kuhlalutyo kulayini wovavanyo.

Uhlalutyo lweemvavanyo zovavanyo lokuhamba ngokulandelelana lusekwe kwiindidi ezintathu zeziphumo ezinokudideka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili zezi ziphumo zibubungakanani, zininzi, okanye zininzi. Kuhlalutyo lobungakanani bovavanyo lokuvavanywa kokuhamba komva, umgca wovavanyo uthelekiswa nomgangatho owaziwa njengomgangatho wokulinganisa, emva koko uguqulwe waba lixabiso loxinzelelo lomhlalutyi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchaneka ngakumbi kunye nakwiziphumo zenqaku umfundi we-strip uyacetyiswa ukuba asetyenziselwe ukuhlalutya kunye nokufunda uvavanyo.

isiphelo

Ukuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kokuhamba kwexesha emva kwexesha yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye neenkqubo ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ezineempawu ezizodwa. Ngaphaya koko, uVavanyo lokuHamba ngokuMva kwexesha lube yinxalenye yegalelo elikhulu kwicandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo nakwilizwe elisaphuhlayo elinendima enkulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nezinto eziluncedo kuzo aziphelelanga kwiilebhu kuphela; Endaweni yoko zisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya kwaye zingqinekile ukuba ziyasebenza, kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye zibiza iindleko. Ke ngoko, iimvavanyo zokuvavanywa kokuhamba ngokulandelelana kunye neentlobo zazo ezahlukeneyo ziluncedo kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga kwaye ziya kuqhubeka nokukhula nezinye izixhobo ukuba zidityanisiwe ukuzisa inkqubela phambili kunye nokukhula kweli candelo.

Ucaphulo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics#target
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html