Yini Okungahle Ibe Yisizathu Semiphumela Emihle Yamanga Ku-Lateral Flow Assay?

I- lateral flow assay (LFA) iyipulatifomu esungulwe kahle yokuhlola indawo yokunakekelwa (POC) futhi isizathu yizindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa, ama-LFA ajwayelekile aveza imiphumela esezingeni eliphezulu noma elinganiselwe futhi adinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezikhethekile zokuthola inani. I- lateral flow assay (LFA) iyipulatifomu esekwe ephepheni yokuthola nokulinganisa ama-analyte ezingxubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isampula ibekwa kudivayisi yokuhlola, futhi imiphumela iboniswa zingakapheli imizuzu emi-5-30. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zokuthuthukisa kanye nokulula kokukhiqizwa kwama-LFA, izinhlelo zawo zokusebenza ziye zanda zaya ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkambu ezidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Isampula eliwuketshezi, njengegazi, i-serum, i-plasma, umchamo, amathe, noma okuqinile okuncibilikisiwe, kungezwa ngqo kuphedi lesampula futhi kubi ngedivayisi yokugeleza ye-lateral ezosetshenziswa. Iphedi lesampula liyayekisa isampula bese lihlunga izinhlayiya ezingathandeki njengamaseli abomvu egazi. Isampula lapho-ke lingageleza ngokukhululeka liye kuphedi yokuhlangana, equkethe ama-nanoparticles anemibala kakhulu noma i-fluorescent ane-antibody ebusweni bawo. Lawa ma-nanoparticles omisiwe akhishwa futhi ahlangana nesampula lapho uketshezi lufinyelela kuphedi yokuhlangana. Uma i-antibody ibona noma yimaphi ama-analyties aqondiwe kusampula, azobophela kulomzimba.

Kube nokwanda kwesidingo sokuhlolwa okuningi kokuxilonga kwe-point-of-care okunemigqa yokuhlola ebanzi evumela ukutholakala okusheshayo nangokuhambisanayo kwamasampula amaningi okuhlaziya emlandweni wamanje. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo (okungenzeka kube yi-LFA eyodwa) kufanele kube lula ukukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwelabhorethri noma abantu abaqeqeshwe ekuhlaziyeni kwamakhemikhali. Ama-LFA angabakhethi abahle kakhulu ngoba ashibhile ukuwakhiqiza, kulula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, amukelwa kabanzi ngabasebenzisi kanye neziphathimandla ezilawulayo.

Noma i-lateral flow assay iyinzuzo futhi iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlola kepha kukhona ukusilela nezinkinga ezithile ezibonwe ku-Lateral flow Assay kanye nemiphumela, ikakhulukazi. Lo ngumbuzo ovame ukubuzwa ukuthi kungani imiphumela emihle yamanga ku-lateral flow assay ivela futhi kunezizathu ezahlukahlukene zayo ngokuya ngegatsha lesayensi. Kodwa-ke, isizathu sokuthi imiphumela emihle engamanga iphume ku-Lateral Flow Assay sixoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngayo kule mpendulo elandelayo. Lapho umugqa wokuhlola ubonakala ngokushoda okuphelele kwe-analyte oyifunayo, umphumela omuhle ongamanga ungadalwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukubopha okungacacisiwe, ukuphinda usebenze kabusha, noma amasosha omzimba we-heterophilic.

Ukwenza i-assay isebenze kahle futhi ususe imiphumela emihle engamanga, kuyadingeka ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zinto noma inhlanganisela yezici edala umphumela omuhle ongamanga. Ukubopha okungacacisiwe kwenzeka lapho kunokusebenzisana okungacacisiwe phakathi kwe-anti-nanoparticle conjugate ne-antibody kulayini wokuhlola, noma ngabe umhlaziyi oqondisiwe ukhona noma cha. Ukubopha okungacacisiwe kungagwenywa kaningi ngokumane kusebenze inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweprotheni ethile. Ukwenza ngcono ukulayishwa kwamasosha omzimba / amaprotheni (i-antibody encane kakhulu noma eningi kakhulu kungaholela ekubophweni okungacacisiwe), isikhathi sokufukanyelwa kwama-antibody, kanye ne-buffer yokuphendula konke kuyizici zokwenza kahle kokuhlangana. Amaphrotheni, ama-surfactants, noma ama-polymers angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvimba engxenyeni ye-test strip (isb. Conjugate diluent, pre-treatment pre-treatment, conjugate pad pre-treatment, running buffer, njll.). I-cross-reactivity yehlukile ekubopheni okungacacisiwe ngoba kwenzeka lapho i-antibody ibophezela kumhlaziyi kusampula okungeyona i-target analyte. Le yinkinga enzima kakhulu ukuyixazulula, futhi imvamisa kudinga ukushintshwa kwezinhlelo zama-antibody ezingaphenduli zisabele ngama-analyties angafuneki.

Isampula equkethe ama-antibodies e-heterophilic (ama-antibodies e-endogenous abopha ama-antibodies e-assay) ingaveza umphumela ongalungile. Izinhlobo eziningana zama-antibodies e-heterophilic zingagcina zibangele ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwe-antibody exhunywe ku-nanoparticle kanye ne-antibody emgqeni wokuhlola, noma ngabe i-target analyte ayikho. Uma umphumela ongalungile ubonisa ukuqina kwesignali okufanayo ngisho nangemva kokunciphisa isampula, kunokuba kube ukwehla okuqondile kokuqina kwesignali, kungaba ngenxa yama-antibodies e-heterophilic. Ama-antibodies abantu kusampula asebenzisana nama-antibodies e-assay ukukhiqiza imiphumela engalungile noma engalungile ibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies e-heterophilic. I-antibody ye-heterophilic ingakhula esigulini ngenxa yokuchayeka ezilwaneni ezithile noma emikhiqizweni yezilwane, ukutheleleka ngama-bacterial noma ama-virus, noma okungeyona ngqo. Ukuhlolwa komphumela ongalungile kungenzeka ngamaphuzu amaningana aleyo ndlela yokuhlola embi ngumhloli (isb., i-smear eningi ekhadini le-Haemoccult) kanye nokufunda kokuhlolwa okungalungile. Ukufundwa okulibazisekile kungaphinde kubangele umphumela ongalungile, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-latex agglutination. Umphumela ongalungile ungabangelwa nokulahlekelwa igazi ngokomzimba kumuntu ongekho ezingeni elijwayelekile.

Imiphumela engalungile ingase yenzeke ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-homeostasis (isb. ukulungiswa kokungaqedwa kokususwa, ukumiswa komjikelezo weseli, ukuvuvukala) okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ulwelwesi lweseli lube sengozini futhi i-necrosis/apoptosis itholakale nge-histopathology. Le miphumela ingandisa ukufuduka kwe-DNA endaweni yokuxhumana kanye nakwezinye izicubu njengoba izicubu zisabela ekulimaleni kweseli kanye nokusabela kokuvuvukala komzimba kuqhubeka, kuye ngokuthi umthamo ungakanani kanye nemvamisa yokuphathwa kwawo.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral kulula, kulula ukukufinyelela, futhi kuyonga kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene ezishiwo ngenhla imiphumela ingaba yiqiniso, ngezinye izikhathi. Izakhiwo ezihlukile nezingavamile zama-LFA ziye zasiza ekutholeni ama-biomarker esifo kanye nama-agent athelelekayo kwezokwelapha, kwezolimo, ekuphepheni kokudla, kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo. Nakuba isimiso sale ndlela siye sakwazi ukuhlala singashintshi amashumi eminyaka, amasu e-LFA aye athuthukiswa njalo, okuholela ekuzweleni okukhulu kanye nokuphindaphinda, kanye nokutholwa ngasikhathi sinye kwama-analyte amaningi. Okubalulekile, lokhu kuhlolwa manje kungenziwa ngaphandle kwelabhorethri, okunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa emazweni asathuthuka kanye nasezindaweni zokunakekelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusensimini noma ezindaweni ezivamile zezokwelapha. Ngisho noma ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral kungabonisa imiphumela eyiphutha kanye nemiphumela ephambene nalokho, ezinye izindlela zingazanywa futhi zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe.

Okubhekwayo
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993616300668
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://www.abingdonhealth.com/services/what-is-lateral-flow-immunoassay/