Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Esizayo se-Immunochromatographic Assay?

Ukugeleza kwesikhathi Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunochromatographic amadivayisi asetshenziselwa injongo yokuthola ama-analyties kusampuli enikeziwe. I-Immunochromatography yinhlanganisela ye-chromatography kanye ne-Immuno Assays. Ama-LFIA amadivayisi angabizi kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa. Kunezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zeLateral Flow immunochromatographic assays efana nesampula pad, conjugate par, nitrocellulose membrane, kanye ne-adsorbent pad. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic assay enjengaleyo eyenziwe ngocezu olulodwa noma ishidi le-membrane ye-cellulose ebuye yenziwa kusukela kwinqubo yokusika kwe-laser. Ukuyiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo ze-Immuno Assay efana ne-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), noma i-western blot ama-LFIA angcono, athembekile, futhi ayashesha. Akugcini lapho kepha futhi kunikezela ngezinzuzo zokonga izindleko kanye nokwehliswa kwempahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonga isikhathi futhi zikhiqize imiphumela esikhathini esifushane esilingana nemizuzu engama-20 noma imizuzu engama-20. Ukuhlolisiswa kwe-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic kuyahambisana nobubanzi obuningi bamatriki abanjengo-serum, umchamo, isidoda, igazi namathe. Izilingo zesimanje zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola njenge ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuxilongwa, umkhuhlane, isifo sofuba (TB), nomalaleveva. Futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kokudla, ukutholwa kwama-ejenti ezinto eziphilayo, nemithi yezilwane.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi ukugeleza kwe-lateral immunochromatographic assays Futhi akhiqizwa ngengxenye eyodwa ye-nitrocellulose membrane eveza imiphumela esheshayo nenembile, ngakho-ke, ahlolwe ukuthola i-Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) eyi-biomarker yokutheleleka kwe-malaria etholakala ekugxilweni okuphansi okufika ku-4 ng mL−1 futhi engabonakala ngeso lenyama. Futhi, kwakungekho sici sokusebenza ngokubambisana nezinye i-biomarker zamaprotheni ezimbalwa zePlasmodium. Manje, lapho I-lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay idale eyodwa eneshidi le-membrane ye-nitrocellulose esetshenziselwe ukuyivivinya kuveze imiphumela ethembekile nenembile ngokuqhathaniswa nama-LFIA akhona ngaphambili wokutholwa kwe-PfHRP2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenza ukuhlolwa kokuthola umalaleveva kanye namanye ama-protein biomarkers nawo angahlolwa.

Kunemigomo embalwa lapho i- I-Lateral Flow Immochrmotograhy Assay kuyasebenza. Okokuqala, amasu okusebenza ayafana nalawo enqubo ye-sandwich ye-ELISA kepha umehluko uhlala enqubeni lapho isenzo se-capillary sokuphendula kwama-immunological kufakwa ephepheni le-chromatographic. Okwesibili, lapho i-matrix yesifanekiso isiphonswa kusampula yedivayisi ye-LFIA, kwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-immunocomplex (Ab-Ag complex) ngenxa yama-antigen asephini lesampula eline-antibody. Le immunocomplex ibuye iqhubekele phambili iye kwezinye izingxenye zedivayisi ye-LFIA futhi ihlangane nama-antibodies akhiywe kulwelwesi lwe-nitrocellulose lwedivayisi. Lapho kunezinkimbinkimbi eziningi ezakhiwe, umugqa obomvu onsomi uqala ukuvela okhomba umphumela omuhle okungukuthi i-antigen eqondisiwe ikhona kusampula. Iyunithi le-immunochromatographic lenziwa ngokunamathisela isampuli pad kuze kube sekupheleni kolwelwesi.

Kudingeka izinyathelo ezine zokwenza i Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunochromatographic kudivayisi ye-LFIA. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubeka isampuli kuphedi lesampula. Ngemuva kokuthi isampula selidlulile kusampula lesampula ukuxubana kwama-molecule kuqala ukwenzeka. Lapha ukuxubeka kwemolekyuli yomtshina kubalulekile njengokuvikelwa kwemiphumela emihle abazoyibopha nomhlaziyi oqondisiwe kusampula. Ngemuva kwalezi zinyathelo, isenzo se-capillary siqala ukusebenza. Ingxube yonke ketshezi iyiswa kulwelwesi lwe-nitrocellulose ngosizo lwe-capillary action. Manje, kulwelwesi lwe-nitrocellulose, kuzoba ne-antigen engenamandla noma i-antibody ezoqhubeka ihlangane nomhlaziyi ohlosiwe ngaleyo ndlela ilethe imiphumela emihle uma izobakhona kusampula. Uma umphumela ulungile, kungavela umugqa opinki noma onsomi. Iphedi le-adsorbent ekugcineni limunca noma yiziphi izingxenye ezingezona ezingavunyelwe zesampula.

Ukufingqa izinzuzo ze- I-lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay, ithembekile, iyashesha, inembile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyabiza futhi kungasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zokuxilonga. Akukho ukulinganiselwa kanye nezingqinamba ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nokubekelwa isimo sezulu esihlukile. Kungenxa yokusebenzisa isikhathi esisodwa kuphela ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanzekile futhi kuqinisekisiwe ukuhlolwa. Futhi, zitholakala kalula phezu kwekhawunta futhi umuntu akudingeki ukuthi athole umuthi kadokotela ngakho okonga isikhathi. Okokugcina, kudinga inani elincane kakhulu lesampula yevolumu yokwenza inqubo yokuhlola. Ngezinzuzo, kunemikhawulo embalwa futhi. Okokuqala, ithambekele kwimiphumela yekhwalithi kunemiphumela yokulinganisa ngokwengeziwe. Okokugcina, ayizweli njengamanye amadivayisi ngesizathu sokuthi ingathola ama-analytics amabili ngasikhathi sinye.

Kunokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwefayela le- Ukugeleza Kwangemuva Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunochromatographic. Isetshenziselwa izinhloso eziningi ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo ukuhlolwa nokutholwa komaka abahlukahlukene bemitholampilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya nokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo ezinjengezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, umalaleveva, i-TB, izifo zesibindi, kanye nempilo yokuzala yabo bobabili ubulili nayo ingahlolwa. I-chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) noma ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kungatholakala futhi kusetshenziswa i-Lateral FLow immunochromatographic Assay. I-LFIA iyindlela yokuhlola ekhethwa kakhulu yokuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezifo ezinjenge-dengue, ugcunsula, i-filariasis, njl.

Isiphetho

I-lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay iyindlela ekhethwa kakhulu futhi elula yokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola. Ihlonyiswe ngobuchwepheshe, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ithembekile, futhi iyindlela ephumelelayo. Kunemikhawulo ethile engasindi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo ze-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Zibhekwa njengezesimanje futhi ezivamile ekutholeni izivivinyo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi kufakazela ubuqiniso bazo kanye nokwethembeka kwazo. Ngakho-ke, i-Lateral flow immunochromatographic Assays ingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso eziningi ezihlobene nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Okubhekwayo

https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/immunochromatography-assay-ica-principle-components-steps-merits-limitations-and-applications/

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02073g#!divAbstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/immunochromatography