Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Esizayo se-Immunochromatographic Assay?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunochromatographic kwe-lateral flow yizinto ezisetshenziswa ngenhloso yokuthola ama-analytes kusampula enikeziwe. I-Immunochromatography iyinhlanganisela ye-chromatography kanye ne-Immuno Assays. Ama-LFIA angamadivayisi ashibhile futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa. Kunezingxenye ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-Lateral Flow immunochromatographic njenge-sample pad, i-conjugate par, i-nitrocellulose membrane, kanye ne-adsorbent pad. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic njengeyodwa eyenziwe ngengxenye eyodwa noma ishidi le-cellulose membrane elibe selikhiqizwa ngenqubo yokusika nge-laser. Uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo ze-Immuno Assay njenge-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), noma i-western blot ama-LFIA angcono, athembekile, futhi ayashesha. Hhayi lokho kuphela kodwa futhi ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokunciphisa izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asindisa isikhathi futhi akhiqize imiphumela esikhathini esifushane esingaba phakathi kwemizuzu engama-20 noma cishe imizuzu engama-20. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays kuhambisana nezinhlobo eziningi ze-matrices ezifana ne-serum, umchamo, isidoda, igazi, namathe. Ukuhlolwa kwanamuhla kusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukene zokuhlola njengokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa , ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuxilonga, umkhuhlane, isifo sofuba (TB), kanye nomalaleveva. Kusetshenziswa futhi ekuhlolweni kwasekhaya, ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kokudla, ekutholakaleni kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nasemithini yezilwane.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuhlolwa kwe-immunochromatographic kwe-lateral flow nakho kwenziwa ngengxenye eyodwa ye-nitrocellulose membrane eveza imiphumela esheshayo nenembile, ngakho-ke, kwahlolwa ukuthola i-Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) okuyi-biomarker yokutheleleka kwe-malaria etholakala ekugxilweni okuphansi okufika ku-4 ng mL−1 futhi ingabonakala ngeso lenyama. Futhi, kwakungekho sici sokusebenza ngokubambisana nezinye i-biomarker zamaprotheni ze-Plasmodium. Manje, lapho i- Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay idala eyodwa ngeshidi le-nitrocellulose membrane elisetshenziselwa ukuhlola, iveze imiphumela ethembekile nenembile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LFIAs ekhona kakade yokuthola i-PfHRP2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenza ukuhlolwa kokuthola i-malaria kanye nezinye i-biomarker zamaprotheni nazo zingahlolwa.

Kunezimiso ezimbalwa ezisebenza ngazo i- Lateral Flow Immochrmotograhy Assay . Okokuqala, amasu okusebenza afana nalawo enqubo ye-ELISA sandwich kodwa umehluko usenqubweni lapho isenzo se-capillary sokusabela kwe-immunological sifakwa ephepheni le-chromatographic. Okwesibili, lapho i-matrix yesampula ifakwa ephepheni lesampula ledivayisi ye-LFIA, kwakheka i-complex eyaziwa ngokuthi i-immunocomplex (i-Ab-Ag complex) ngenxa yama-antigens ephepheni lesampula eline-antibody. Le immunocomplex ibe isihamba iye kwezinye izingxenye zedivayisi ye-LFIA futhi ithintane nama-antibodies avaliwe ephepheni le-nitrocellulose ledivayisi. Uma sekukhona ama-complex amaningi akhiwe, umugqa obomvu onsomi uqala ukuvela obonisa umphumela omuhle okungukuthi i-antigen eqondiwe ikhona ephepheni. Iyunithi ye-immunochromatographic idalwa ngokunamathisela iphedi lesampula ekugcineni kwe-membrane.

Kudingeka izinyathelo ezine ukuze kwenziwe isivivinyo se-Immunochromatographic kudivayisi ye-LFIA. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukufaka isampula kuphedi yesampula. Ngemva kokuba isampula isidlule kuphedi yesampula, ukuncibilika kwama-molecule kuqala ukwenzeka. Lapha ukuncibilika kwe-molecule ye-detector kubalulekile njengoba ukuvikela imiphumela emihle kuzobopha ne-target analyte kusampula. Ngemva kwalezi zinyathelo, isenzo se-capillary siyaqala ukusebenza. Ingxube yonke yoketshezi iyiswa ku-nitrocellulose membrane ngosizo lwesenzo se-capillary. Manje, ku-nitrocellulose membrane, kuzoba ne-antigen noma i-antibody engashukumi ezoqhubeka nokuhlangana ne-target analyte ngaleyo ndlela ilethe imiphumela emihle uma ingaba khona kusampula. Uma umphumela ulungile, kuzovela umugqa opinki noma onsomi. Iphedi ye-adsorbent ekugcineni imunca noma yiziphi izingxenye ezengeziwe zesampula ezingamuncwanga.

Ukufingqa izinzuzo ze- Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay , ithembekile, iyashesha, inembile, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabizi kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ngezinjongo ezahlukene zokuxilonga. Akukho mingcele nezithiyo ezinguqukweni zesimo sezulu kanye nokubhukha izimo zezulu ezahlukene. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kanye kuphela ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okuhlanzekile nokuqinisekisiwe. Futhi, zitholakala kalula ngaphandle kwekhawuntara futhi umuntu akudingeki athole umuthi wayo okungukuthi ukonga isikhathi. Okokugcina, idinga inani elincane kakhulu lesampula ukuze kuhlolwe. Ngezinzuzo, kunemikhawulo embalwa kuyo futhi. Okokuqala, ithambekele emiphumeleni yekhwalithi kunemiphumela yokulinganisa ngaphezu kwalokho. Okokugcina, ayizweli njengamanye amadivayisi ngoba ingathola ama-analyte amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa i- Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Isetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kutholakale izimpawu ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa nokuhlolwa kwasekhaya nokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezifana nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, umalaleveva, i-TB, izifo zesibindi, kanye nempilo yokuzala yabo bobabili ubulili nayo ingahlolwa. I-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) noma ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kungatholakala kusetshenziswa i-Lateral FLow immunochromatographic Assay. I-LFIA iyindlela yokuhlola ekhethwa kakhulu yokuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ngisho nezinambuzane ezifana ne-dengue, i-syphilis, i-filariasis, njll. Iphinde isetshenziswe ku-forensics yesayensi, kanye ne-biomarkers yomdlavuza.

Isiphetho

I-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay iyindlela ekhethwa kakhulu futhi elula yokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola. Ihlonyiswe ngobuchwepheshe, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ithembekile, futhi iyindlela ephumelelayo. Kunemikhawulo ethile engasindi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo ze-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Zibhekwa njengezesimanje futhi ezivamile ekutholeni izivivinyo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi kufakazela ubuqiniso bazo kanye nokwethembeka kwazo. Ngakho-ke, i-Lateral flow immunochromatographic Assays ingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso eziningi ezihlobene nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Okubhekwayo

https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/immunochromatography-assay-ica-principle-components-steps-merits-limitations-and-applications/

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02073g#!divAbstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/immunochromatography