The ukugeleza kwe-lateral (Immuno) ukuhlolwa ingenye yamapulatifomu amadala okuxilonga atholakala futhi athuthukiswa kamuva ngawo-1980. Ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe nokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphaneli lokwehlukahluka kulethwe ngase Ukugeleza kwe-lateral (Immuno) Assay. Kuma-analyties aqondiwe anhlobonhlobo, imichilo yokuvivinya kokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuya ngemigomo ye-immunochromatographic iyatholakala. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi i-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) yomuntu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi leplatifomu yokuxilonga ithonywe ubuchwepheshe besimanje ngakho-ke i-Lateral Flow (Immuno) assay iyahlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe kanye namathuluzi ahlukahlukene anjenge-Electrochemical and transducers optical kanye ne-Wireless data transfer. Ukuthuthuka nokwandiswa kwezilingo ezibucayi, ezinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezilinganiso eziningi ezizohlala zincintisana nokuhlola okuthile okusetshenziswayo emalabhorethri kukhombisa ukuthi bangaphambi kwesikhathi futhi bathuthukile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-SWOT kwe- Ukugeleza kwesikhashana kwe-Immuno Assay inikeza incazelo yamandla, ubuthakathaka, amathuba, namandla ngokuningiliziwe okukhulu. Okokuqala, ukuxoxa ngamandla we-Lateral flow Imuuno assay; eyokuqala ukuthi isetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kudingeka khona iphuzu lokunakekelwa njengasemitholampilo, emakamelweni okuphuthumayo, ekamelweni lokuhlola odokotela, ekuhloleni izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo, ukuxilonga izinqubo, ukuhlola ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwezingozi nezifo ezahlukahlukene noma ngisho nasezimbonini zokudla nokuphakelayo, izilungiselelo ze-phytopathological noma ukuphambuka ngezinto ezingathandeki kuvamile. Futhi yifomethi yokuhlola ekhethwe futhi esetshenziswe kakhulu emkhakheni we-biowarfare, forensics, kanye nokugcinwa komthetho. Uma sengikushilo lokho, ukuhlolwa okuzimele kuyenziwa kumasampula imiphumela yawo iphuma ithi inhle. Futhi, emazweni asathuthuka, iLateral Flow Immuno Assay isetshenziswa kakhulu njengoba singekho isidingo semichilo ezofakwa esiqandisini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela kwanele. I-lateral Flow Immuno Assays ziyalahlwa futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kanye kuphela futhi kamuva zilahlwe.
Ngamandla, ubuthakathaka bukhona futhi. Okokuqala, ama-LFA awakwazi ukugezwa njengoba kuyindlela eyodwa yokuhlola futhi akelulekwa kakhulu ukuthi avimbele imichilo kusengaphambili. Isizathu ukuthi ukuvimba kwangaphambili noma ukuwageza kungabhubhisa ukumanzisa kanye nokulinganisela kahle kwezakhiwo ze-hydrophobicity ezingadala amathuba amabi kakhulu. Obunye ubuthakathaka beLateral Flow Immuno Assays ukuthi abakwazi ukuphatha kabi njengoba ikhithi ine-dropper. Ukusetshenziswa kwethonsi kuqaphile futhi ukungaziphathi kahle kungaholela emaphutheni emiphumeleni. Uma uza kumavolumu wedivayisi ekhuphukayo umkhawulo ungatholwa lapho. Amavolumu anqunyelwe ku-100 μL futhi anwebeka kumamililitha ayi-1. Ukudlula imikhawulo yevolumu kuholela ekonakaleni kwe-immuostrip.
Amathuba kuLateral Flow Immuno Assays aphathelene nezicelo ezingekho elebhu. Isibonelo, siyakubona lokho ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa zenziwa kalula ekhaya. Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kuthole amandla amaningi kakhulu ukuthi kungenziwa kalula ekhaya futhi imiphumela ingatholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo ezingezona zemithi kadokotela ziyatholakala futhi ezingatholwa nge-inthanethi noma ikhemisi elithile. Amathuba we Ukuhlolwa kwe-lateral Flow ziyanda usuku nosuku njengoba ziyifomethi yokuhlola ephezulu kunazo zonke ukuthola imiphumela esheshayo enjengezigceme eziphuthumayo, imitholampilo, abezomthetho, ukubheka ukungabikho noma ukutholakala kwamagciwane, i-forensics, nokunye okuningi. Elinye ithuba lihlobene nobuthakathaka bevolumu obuchazwe ekuqaleni. Noma kunomkhawulo kumanani we-matrix njengegazi, umjuluko, i-serum, umchamo, i-plasma, njll kuyithuba lokuthola imiphumela enembile kakhulu ngokuhlangabezana nokuzwela okwanele komhlaziyi wamanje. Uma umhlaziyi ohlosiwe ekhona kumatrix we-Lateral Flow Immuno Assays (LFAs), ivolumu elinganiselwe ayinandaba; kunalokho, kunconywa kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-Lateral Flow Immuno Assays inamandla abo, ubuthakathaka, namathuba kukhona enye into yokuhlaziywa kwe-SWOT okungamele ikhohlwe futhi lokho kuyizinsongo kuLateral Flow Immuno Assays. Njengoba kwaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuhlola ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe futhi sekube yingxenye yale mboni, ngakho-ke, i-hardware ne-software yalezi zinhlelo akubizi kakhulu kunalokho kuyatholakala kalula emakethe. Ukuyikhombisa ngenkuthalo ngamagama, kungabonakala ukuthi i-chromatography-mass spectrometry ne-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry zidinga abasebenzi, futhi inqubo yokwenza imishini miniaturization iholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kuneLateral Flow Immuno Assays. Futhi, ifomethi yokuhlola ye-lab-on-a-chip iya ngokuya isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi iyasebenziseka kune-lateral flow immuno assays devices kanye nefomethi yokuxilonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-enzyme immuno assays ahlala enziwa elabhoratri lapho abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe noma abasebenzi bakhona. Kepha manje uma ubheka usongo lwe-hardware nobuchwepheshe izivivinyo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Hardware kuma-set-up azenzakalelayo aziwa nangokuthi yi-ELISA Robots.
Izicelo zezokwelapha emazweni aseNtshonalanga zinganikela ekuhlinzekweni kokufaka i-LFA ekwakhiweni kwelab-on-chip. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilabhorethri yomtholampilo ihlala iseduze, inikezela ngezinsizakalo ezingeziwe. Izindleko, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zizokhuphuka kakhulu. I-Lateral Flow Immuno Assay ziyindawo encomekayo yezicelo zeqiniso ezingekho elabhoratri lapho zinakekelwa / zidingeka kuzilungiselelo ezinomkhawulo wezinsizakusebenza. Imichilo ingagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa isikhathi eside. Uma kushiwo lokho, izinto ezihlukanisayo eziphakeme kumele zitholakale kalula, futhi nemiphumela yekhwalithi yokubonwayo ivuliwe noma imiphumela yokulinganisa etholwe kusetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlelwa kwekhodi yebha noma i-reflectometer kufanele kube yanele. Izinhlaka ezintsha ziphakanyisiwe ukukhulisa ukuzwela ngokuqinisa isignali ngama-nanoparticles egolide we-colloidal noma ngokuhlanganisa ama-nanoparticles egolide ne-horseradish peroxidase, okuba nomphumela ekwandisweni kwesiginali. Kubuye kwachazwa ukuthi kutholakala kanjani womabili ama-antigen nama-antibodies ngokusebenzisa ama-conjugate pads wokunquma kwekhwalithi yamaprotheni amabili. Kodwa-ke, ama-LFA yifomethi yokuhlola ekhethwe kakhulu futhi esetshenzisiwe yokuxilongwa.
Okubhekwayo
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18696055/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-the-lateral-flow-assay_fig5_304624146
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-008-2287-2
https://viroresearch.com/lateral-flow-assay-advantages-disadvantages/