Luyini Uvivinyo Lokuhlolwa Kokuhamba Kwesikhashana?
Ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral (LFA) kuyindlela edumile yokuxilonga yokuhlola indawo yokunakekelwa (POC) futhi isizathu salokho ukuthi kubiza kancane futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral kusetshenziselwa ukuhlonza ama-biomarker kunoma iyiphi isampula yomchamo, amathe, igazi, i-plasma, njll. ngezinjongo zokuxilonga. Ama-LFA avamile akhiqiza imiphumela yokulinganisa okulinganiselwe noma okubonakalayo, okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezikhethekile ukuthola imiphumela yokulinganisa. I-LFA iyindlela yokuhlola ephepheni yokuthola nokulinganisa ama-analyte ezingxubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isampula ibekwa kudivayisi yokuhlola, futhi imiphumela yethulwa zingakapheli imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwengamashumi amathathu, cishe. Izicelo zama-LFA zisabalale ezindaweni eziningi ezidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokulula kokukhiqizwa.
Izici eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-assay flow lateral zichazwe ngokulandelayo. Okokuqala, ziyalahlwa okusho ukuthi azinakusetshenziswa kaninginingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azigezwa. Uma sezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zilahlwe. Okwesibili, ayonga futhi yingakho etholakala kalula futhi efinyeleleka kalula. Okwesithathu, zinamandla emvelweni, okusho ukuthi zingagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa futhi zibe nempilo yeminyaka eminingi.
Muva nje, kube nemakethe ekhulayo kanye nesidingo sokuhlolwa okuningi kokuxilonga endaweni yokunakekelwa ngemigqa yokuhlola ephelele evumela ukutholakala okusheshayo nangokuhambisanayo kwama-analytes amaningi kumasampula e-point-of-care. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo (mhlawumbe i- LFA eyodwa ) kufanele kube bushelelezi ngokwanele ukusebenza ngaphandle kokusekelwa nosizo lwelebhu noma amaqembu abahlaziyi bamakhemikhali. Ama-LFA ayinqubo ekhethwayo ngoba ashibhile ukuwakhiqiza, kulula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, aqashelwa kabanzi ngabasebenzisi bokugcina kanye neziphathimandla ezilawulayo.
Ukuze sikhulume ngezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral. Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral zisekelwe kusampula okufanele ihlolwe. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zinezinye izigaba ezincane. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lokuqala lokuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral lubizwa ngokuthi i-Lateral Flow Immuno Assay kanti uhlobo lwesibili lwe-LFA lubizwa ngokuthi i-Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow. Ukuhlolwa kwe-immuno flow kwe-lateral kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala isebenza ngesisekelo sama-antibodies asebenza njengengxenye enkulu yesampula ngenhloso yokuqaphela. Kanti eyesibili inezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqaphela noma izithako ezifana namaprotheni, ama-hormone, njll. Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-Lateral Flow Assay lubizwa ngokuthi i-Nucleic ACid lateral flow assay esiza ekutholeni ama-amplicons okungenzeka ukuthi adalwe ngesikhathi se- polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Ukwenza izivivinyo zeLateral Flow Assay kunezindlela ezimbili ezingasetshenziswa. Indlela yokuqala ibizwa nge-dipstick format kanti ifomethi yesibili ibizwa nge-cassette ebekiwe. Ukusebenza kwabo kuyafana kepha bancike kwifomethi, izidingo zemakethe, i-matrix, kanye nomkhakha. Ekuhlolweni kwe-Assay flow lateral, kunezakhiwo ezimbili ezisebenzayo. Eyodwa yaziwa njengesamishi kanti eyesibili yaziwa ngegama lefomethi yokuncintisana. Ifomethi yesamishi isetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwama-analytic amakhulu abengaba nezindawo ezimbili zokubopha noma ama-epitopes. Umphumela wefomethi yesamentshisi unamandla esignali endaweni yomugqa wokuhlola oqondisa ngokulingana nenani lomhlaziyi okhona kusampula. Ukuqeda isici senani le-analyte, uma intambo yokulawula inezinhlobo ze-antibody izoba namandla okubopha ama-nanoparticles azoqhubeka aholele ekukhiqizeni isignali yomugqa wokulawula ukukhombisa ukusebenza okufanele kwe-lateral flow assay.
Ekuhlolweni kwe-lateral flow assay test, ama-nanoparticles asebenza njengezintatheli ngomphumela wokuhlolwa okuthile. Umphumela wesivivinyo ungafundwa futhi uhlaziywe ngamehlo abizwa nangokuthi i-qualitative noma i-semi-quantitative noma ngosizo lwensimbi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-quantitative reading. Ukuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow assay kuyasebenza kakhulu futhi kungaveza imiphumela eyiqiniso futhi efiselekayo lapho ubukhulu bezinhlayiya bulele phakathi kuka-20 nm kuye ku-50 nm. Ukuze isignali eholele ekutheni iqine, kunezinhlayiya ze-fluorescent ezingasetshenziselwa isignali enamandla kakhulu ekukhiqizeni noma imiphumela yesampula njengomphumela. Uma kuza kufomethi yokuncintisana yokuhlolwa kwe-Lateral flow Assay, kusetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwama-analytics ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho ama-antibody pair engatholakali noma umhlaziyi engekho mkhulu kunalokho ngobuningi bemicimbi yokubopha amasosha omzimba. Ulayini wokuhlola uvame ukuba ne-molecule ye-analyte, ngokuvamile eyinkimbinkimbi yamaprotheni, futhi iphedi yokuhlanganisa iqukethe i-antibody-nanoparticle conjugate yokutholwa ngefomethi yokuncintisana yeLateral Flow Assay Test. Uma umhlaziyi wethagethi ebonakala, i-conjugate izoyibophezela kuyo, iyivimbele ekubopheni kumhlaziyi kulayini wokuhlola.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow assay kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zemiphumela engahle idideke. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zale miphumela ziyizinga elifanele, elilinganayo, noma elilinganiselwe. Ngokuhlaziywa kokulinganisa kokuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow assay test, umugqa wokuhlola uqhathaniswa nezinga elaziwa njengeleveli yokulinganisa, bese liphinde liguqulwe libe inani lokuhlungwa le-analyte. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola imiphumela enembe kakhudlwana nemiphumela iphuzu umfundi we-strip unconywa ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya nokufunda isivivinyo.
Isiphetho
Ukuvivinywa kwe-Lateral Flow Assay kungenye yezinqubo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezaziwa emhlabeni jikelele ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuhlolwa Kokugeleza Kwamuva kube yingxenye yomnikelo omkhulu emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kwezempilo nasemazweni asathuthuka lapho indima yawo inkulu khona. Ukusetshenziswa nezinzuzo zabo akugcini kumalabhorathri kuphela; kunalokho zisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya futhi kufakazelwe ukuthi ziyasebenza, zisebenziseka kalula, futhi zingabizi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvivinywa kwe-lateral flow assay nezinhlobo zazo ezihlukene kuyasiza ezinhlosweni ezahlukahlukene zokuxilonga futhi zizoqhubeka zikhule namanye amadivayisi uma zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuletha inqubekela phambili nokukhula kulo mkhakha.
Okubhekwayo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics#target
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html