Ukugeleza kwesikhathi isilingo (I-LFA) iyindlela eyaziwayo yokuxilonga yokuhlolwa kwephoyinti lokunakekelwa (POC) futhi isizathu izindleko zayo eziphansi nokusebenziseka kalula kwayo. Ukuhlanjululwa Kwesikhathi Esizayo izivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukukhomba ama-biomarker kunoma isiphi isampula somchamo, amathe, igazi, i-plasma, njll ngezinhloso zokuxilonga. Ama-LFA ajwayelekile akhiqiza imiphumela yobungako noma yokulinganisa, edinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezikhethekile ukuthola imiphumela yokulinganisa. I-LFA iyindlela yokuhlola esekwe ephepheni yokuthola nokulinganisa ama-analyties emixubeni eyinkimbinkimbi. Isampula ibekwa kudivayisi yokuhlola, futhi imiphumela yethulwa kungakapheli imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu, cishe. Izicelo ze-LFA zisandisiwe ezindaweni eziningi ezidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo izindleko nokusebenza kwazo kalula.
Izici eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-assay flow lateral zichazwe ngokulandelayo. Okokuqala, ziyalahlwa okusho ukuthi azinakusetshenziswa kaninginingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azigezwa. Uma sezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zilahlwe. Okwesibili, ayonga futhi yingakho etholakala kalula futhi efinyeleleka kalula. Okwesithathu, zinamandla emvelweni, okusho ukuthi zingagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa futhi zibe nempilo yeminyaka eminingi.
Ezikhathini zakamuva nje, kube nemakethe ekhulayo kanye nesidingo sezilingo zokuxilonga ezinikezwa ngamaphoyinti ngemigqa ephelele yokuhlola evumela ukutholwa okusheshayo nokuhambisanayo kwama-analytics amaningi kumasampula wokunakekelwa. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo (mhlawumbe okukodwa I-LFA) kufanele kube bushelelezi ngokwanele ukwenza ngaphandle kokuxhaswa nosizo lwelabhoratri noma amaqembu abahlaziyi bamakhemikhali. Ama-LFA inqubo ekhethiwe ngoba ashibhile ukukhiqiza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, yaziwa kabanzi ngabasebenzisi bokugcina neziphathimandla ezilawulayo.
Ukusho izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwe-assay flow lateral. Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-assay flow lateral zisuselwa kusampula ezohlolwa. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zinezigaba ezingaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-lateral flow assay lubizwa ngeLateral Flow Immuno Assay kanti uhlobo lwesibili lwe-LFA lubizwa ngeNucleic Acid Lateral Flow. I-lateral flow immuno assay ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Omunye usebenza ngesisekelo sama-antibody asebenza njengengxenye enkulu yesampula ngenhloso yokwamukelwa. Ngenkathi owesibili enezinto ezahlukahlukene zokubona noma izithako ezinjengamaprotheni, ama-hormone, njll. Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-Lateral Flow Assay lubizwa ngokuthi yi-Nucleic ACid lateral flow assay esiza ekutholeni ama-amplicon okungenzeka ukuthi adalwe ngesikhathi ukusabela kwe-polymerase chain (PCR).
Ukwenza izivivinyo zeLateral Flow Assay kunezindlela ezimbili ezingasetshenziswa. Indlela yokuqala ibizwa nge-dipstick format kanti ifomethi yesibili ibizwa nge-cassette ebekiwe. Ukusebenza kwabo kuyafana kepha bancike kwifomethi, izidingo zemakethe, i-matrix, kanye nomkhakha. Ekuhlolweni kwe-Assay flow lateral, kunezakhiwo ezimbili ezisebenzayo. Eyodwa yaziwa njengesamishi kanti eyesibili yaziwa ngegama lefomethi yokuncintisana. Ifomethi yesamishi isetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwama-analytic amakhulu abengaba nezindawo ezimbili zokubopha noma ama-epitopes. Umphumela wefomethi yesamentshisi unamandla esignali endaweni yomugqa wokuhlola oqondisa ngokulingana nenani lomhlaziyi okhona kusampula. Ukuqeda isici senani le-analyte, uma intambo yokulawula inezinhlobo ze-antibody izoba namandla okubopha ama-nanoparticles azoqhubeka aholele ekukhiqizeni isignali yomugqa wokulawula ukukhombisa ukusebenza okufanele kwe-lateral flow assay.
Ekuhlolweni kwe-lateral flow assay test, ama-nanoparticles asebenza njengezintatheli ngomphumela wokuhlolwa okuthile. Umphumela wesivivinyo ungafundwa futhi uhlaziywe ngamehlo abizwa nangokuthi i-qualitative noma i-semi-quantitative noma ngosizo lwensimbi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-quantitative reading. Ukuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow assay kuyasebenza kakhulu futhi kungaveza imiphumela eyiqiniso futhi efiselekayo lapho ubukhulu bezinhlayiya bulele phakathi kuka-20 nm kuye ku-50 nm. Ukuze isignali eholele ekutheni iqine, kunezinhlayiya ze-fluorescent ezingasetshenziselwa isignali enamandla kakhulu ekukhiqizeni noma imiphumela yesampula njengomphumela. Uma kuza kufomethi yokuncintisana yokuhlolwa kwe-Lateral flow Assay, kusetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwama-analytics ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho ama-antibody pair engatholakali noma umhlaziyi engekho mkhulu kunalokho ngobuningi bemicimbi yokubopha amasosha omzimba. Ulayini wokuhlola uvame ukuba ne-molecule ye-analyte, ngokuvamile eyinkimbinkimbi yamaprotheni, futhi iphedi yokuhlanganisa iqukethe i-antibody-nanoparticle conjugate yokutholwa ngefomethi yokuncintisana yeLateral Flow Assay Test. Uma umhlaziyi wethagethi ebonakala, i-conjugate izoyibophezela kuyo, iyivimbele ekubopheni kumhlaziyi kulayini wokuhlola.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow assay kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zemiphumela engahle idideke. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zale miphumela ziyizinga elifanele, elilinganayo, noma elilinganiselwe. Ngokuhlaziywa kokulinganisa kokuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow assay test, umugqa wokuhlola uqhathaniswa nezinga elaziwa njengeleveli yokulinganisa, bese liphinde liguqulwe libe inani lokuhlungwa le-analyte. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola imiphumela enembe kakhudlwana nemiphumela iphuzu umfundi we-strip unconywa ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya nokufunda isivivinyo.
Ukuvivinywa kwe-Lateral Flow Assay kungenye yezinqubo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezaziwa emhlabeni jikelele ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuhlolwa Kokugeleza Kwamuva kube yingxenye yomnikelo omkhulu emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kwezempilo nasemazweni asathuthuka lapho indima yawo inkulu khona. Ukusetshenziswa nezinzuzo zabo akugcini kumalabhorathri kuphela; kunalokho zisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya futhi kufakazelwe ukuthi ziyasebenza, zisebenziseka kalula, futhi zingabizi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvivinywa kwe-lateral flow assay nezinhlobo zazo ezihlukene kuyasiza ezinhlosweni ezahlukahlukene zokuxilonga futhi zizoqhubeka zikhule namanye amadivayisi uma zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuletha inqubekela phambili nokukhula kulo mkhakha.
Okubhekwayo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986465/
https://nanocomposix.com/pages/introduction-to-lateral-flow-rapid-test-diagnostics#target
https://www.clinisciences.com/en/read/serological-tests-in-mycology-1190/lateral-flow-assay-lfa-2095.html
