Yintoni uVavanyo lweLateral Immunochromatographic Assay?
Ukuhamba kwexesha Uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analyties kwisampulu enikiweyo. I-Immunochromatography ludibaniso lwe-chromatografi kunye novavanyo lwe-Immuno. Ii-LFIA zezona zixhobo zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa kuqhutywa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Kukho iindawo ezahlukileyo zovavanyo lokuhamba okungxamisekileyo lokungena kwimunochromatographic enje ngesampulu pad, conjugate par, nitrocellulose membrane, kunye ne-adsorbent pad. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lweLateral Flow Immunochromatographic assay enje ngaleyo yenziweyo ukusuka kwisiqwenga esinye okanye iphepha lencindi yeselulosi emva koko eyenziweyo ukusuka kwinkqubo yokusika kwelaser. Ukuthelekisa ezinye iindlela ze-Immuno Assay ezinje nge-enzyme-enxulumene ne-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), okanye i-blot yasentshona ii-LFIA zingcono, zithembekile, kwaye zikhawuleza. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela kodwa ikwabonelela ngezibonelelo zokucutha indleko kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezinto. Ngapha koko, bonga ixesha kwaye bavelise iziphumo ngaphakathi kwexesha elifutshane elimalunga nemizuzu engama-20 okanye malunga nemizuzu engama-20. Ukuvavanywa kweLateral Immunochromatographic Assays kuyahambelana kuluhlu olubanzi lweematriki ezinje nge-serum, umchamo, isidoda, igazi kunye namathe. Ukuvavanywa okwangoku kusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ezinje nge iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa, iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ngokukhawuleza, umkhuhlane, isifo sephepha (TB), kunye nesifo seengcongconi. Zikwasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya, uvavanyo lokhuselo lokutya, ukufunyanwa kwe-arhente yebhayoloji, kunye nonyango lwezilwanyana.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla ukuba Ukuhamba ngokulandelelana kwemvavanyo ye-immunochromatographic Zikwaveliswa ngeqhekeza elinye le-nitrocellulose membrane elivelisa iziphumo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo, ngoko ke, zavavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe iPlasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) eyi-biomarker yosulelo lwemalariya enokubonwa kuxinzelelo oluphantsi olufikelela kwi-4 ng mL−1 kwaye inokubonwa ngamehlo enyama. Kwakhona, bekungekho nto ibonakalayo yokudibana nezinye ii-biomarker zeproteni zePlasmodium. Ngoku, xa Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic yenze enye enephepha le-membrane ye-nitrocellulose esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya yavelisa iziphumo ezinokuthenjwa nezichanekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-LFIAs esele ikho yokufunyanwa kwe-PfHRP2. Ukongeza, inokwenza uvavanyo lokufumanisa isifo seengcongconi kunye nezinye iiprotein biomarkers nazo zinokuvavanywa.
Kukho imigaqo-siseko apho Ukuhamba kwexesha kwi-Immochrmotograhy Uvavanyo iyasebenza. Okokuqala, ubuchwephesha obusebenzayo bufana nqwa nobuchwephesha be-ELISA sandwich kodwa umahluko uhlala kwinkqubo apho isenzo se-capillary yempendulo ye-immunological sibekwa kwiphepha le-chromatographic. Okwesibini, xa i-matrix yesampulu iphoswa kwisampulu yesixhobo se-LFIA, isakhiwo esaziwa ngokuba yi-immunocomplex (Ab-Ag complex) senziwa ngenxa yeantigens kwipateni yesampulu kunye ne-antibody. Le immunocomplex emva koko iyahamba iye kwezinye iindawo ze-LFIA kwaye inxibelelane nezibulala-ntsholongwane ezitshixwe kwi-nitrocellulose membrane yesixhobo. Xa kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezenziweyo, umgca obomvu-bomvu uqala ukuvela obonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo okt i-antigen ekujoliswe kuyo ikhona kwisampulu. Iyunithi ye-immunochromatographic yenziwa ngokuncamathisela isampulu pad ukuya esiphelweni senwebu.
Amanyathelo amane ayafuneka ekwenzeni i Uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic kwisixhobo se-LFIA. Inyathelo lokuqala kukubeka isampulu kwipateni yesampulu. Emva kokuba isampulu sele idlulile kwisampulu yokunyibilikisa iimolekyuli ziqala ukwenzeka. Apha ukusonjululwa kwemolekyuli yesixhobo sokujonga into kubalulekile ekukhuseleni iziphumo ezilungileyo abaya kuthi bazibophe kunye nomhlalutyi ojolise kwisampulu. Emva kwala manyathelo, isenzo se-capillary siqala ukusebenza. Umxube wonke we-fluid uthathwa kwi-membrane ye-nitrocellulose ngoncedo lwezenzo ze-capillary. Ngoku, kwi-membrane ye-nitrocellulose, kuya kubakho i-antigen engasebenziyo okanye i-antibody eya kuthi iqhubeke nokudibanisa nohlalutyo ekujolise kulo ukuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ukuba ziya kubakho kwisampulu. Ukuba iziphumo zilungile, kuya kuvela umgca wepinki okanye omfusa. Iphedi yentengiso ekugqibeleni ifunxa naziphi na iinxalenye zesampulu.
Ukushwankathela izibonelelo ze Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic, inokuthenjwa, iyakhawuleza, ichanekile kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngapha koko, iyabiza indleko kwaye inokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda isifo. Akukho zithintelo kunye nezithintelo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokubekelwa indawo kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo. Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elinye kuphela ke ngoko ucoceko kunye novavanyo oluqinisekileyo. Kananjalo, ziyafumaneka ngokulula kwikhawuntara kwaye umntu akanyanzelekanga ukuba afumane iyeza layo okt ukugcina ixesha. Okokugqibela, ifuna isixa esincinci kakhulu sevolumu yesampulu yokufumana inkqubo yovavanyo. Ngezibonelelo, kukho ukusikelwa umda kuyo ngokunjalo. Okokuqala, ithambekele kwiziphumo ezisemgangathweni kunakwiziphumo zobungakanani ukongeza. Okokugqibela, ayinabuthathaka njengezinye izixhobo ngesizathu sokuba ikwazi ukubona ii-analytics ezimbini ngaxeshanye.
Kukho usetyenziso olubanzi lwefayile ye- Ukuhamba kamva Uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lokuvavanywa kunye nokufunyanwa kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi. Ngapha koko, ikwasetyenziselwa kuvavanyo lwasekhaya kunye nokufumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezinje ngezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, isifo seengcongconi, isifo sephepha, izifo zesibindi kunye nempilo yokuzala kwabo bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini. I-chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) okanye uvavanyo lokukhulelwa lunokufunyanwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwamva lokuhamba kwemunochromatographic. I-LFIA yeyona ndlela yovavanyo ethandwa kakhulu yokufumanisa naluphi na uhlobo lweentsholongwane, ibacteria, okanye nosulelo lwe-parasitic olunjenge-dengue, igcushuwa, i-filariasis, njl.
isiphelo
Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo nelula yokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo. Ixhotyiswe ngobuchwephesha, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, inokuthenjwa, kwaye iyindlela esebenzayo. Kukho imida ethile engenabunzima xa ithelekiswa neenzuzo zeLateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Zithathwa njengezintsha kwaye ziqhelekileyo ekufumaneni uvavanyo kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kubonakalisa ukuqinisekiswa kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo. Ke ngoko, iiLateral flow immunochromatographic Assays zingasetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo ezinxulumene naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo lwezonyango.
Ucaphulo
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/immunochromatography-assay-ica-principle-components-steps-merits-limitations-and-applications/
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02073g#!divAbstract
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/immunochromatography