Ukuhamba kwexesha Uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-analyties kwisampulu enikiweyo. I-Immunochromatography ludibaniso lwe-chromatografi kunye novavanyo lwe-Immuno. Ii-LFIA zezona zixhobo zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa kuqhutywa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Kukho iindawo ezahlukileyo zovavanyo lokuhamba okungxamisekileyo lokungena kwimunochromatographic enje ngesampulu pad, conjugate par, nitrocellulose membrane, kunye ne-adsorbent pad. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lweLateral Flow Immunochromatographic assay enje ngaleyo yenziweyo ukusuka kwisiqwenga esinye okanye iphepha lencindi yeselulosi emva koko eyenziweyo ukusuka kwinkqubo yokusika kwelaser. Ukuthelekisa ezinye iindlela ze-Immuno Assay ezinje nge-enzyme-enxulumene ne-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), okanye i-blot yasentshona ii-LFIA zingcono, zithembekile, kwaye zikhawuleza. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela kodwa ikwabonelela ngezibonelelo zokucutha indleko kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezinto. Ngapha koko, bonga ixesha kwaye bavelise iziphumo ngaphakathi kwexesha elifutshane elimalunga nemizuzu engama-20 okanye malunga nemizuzu engama-20. Ukuvavanywa kweLateral Immunochromatographic Assays kuyahambelana kuluhlu olubanzi lweematriki ezinje nge-serum, umchamo, isidoda, igazi kunye namathe. Ukuvavanywa okwangoku kusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ezinje nge iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa, iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ngokukhawuleza, umkhuhlane, isifo sephepha (TB), kunye nesifo seengcongconi. Zikwasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya, uvavanyo lokhuselo lokutya, ukufunyanwa kwe-arhente yebhayoloji, kunye nonyango lwezilwanyana.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla Ukuhamba ngokulandelelana kwemvavanyo ye-immunochromatographic zenziwe ngenxalenye enye yenwebu ye-nitrocellulose ethi ivelise iziphumo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo, ke ngoko, zavavanywa ukufunyanwa kwePlasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) esisifo se-malaria sika-biomarker esifunyenwe kukuxinana okuphantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4 ng mL-1 kwaye inokubonwa ngeliso lenyama. Kwakungekho nto yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona kunye nezinye iiprotheyini zePlasmodium. Ngoku, xa Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic yenze enye enephepha le-membrane ye-nitrocellulose esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya yavelisa iziphumo ezinokuthenjwa nezichanekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-LFIAs esele ikho yokufunyanwa kwe-PfHRP2. Ukongeza, inokwenza uvavanyo lokufumanisa isifo seengcongconi kunye nezinye iiprotein biomarkers nazo zinokuvavanywa.
Kukho imigaqo-siseko apho Ukuhamba kwexesha kwi-Immochrmotograhy Uvavanyo iyasebenza. Okokuqala, ubuchwephesha obusebenzayo bufana nqwa nobuchwephesha be-ELISA sandwich kodwa umahluko uhlala kwinkqubo apho isenzo se-capillary yempendulo ye-immunological sibekwa kwiphepha le-chromatographic. Okwesibini, xa i-matrix yesampulu iphoswa kwisampulu yesixhobo se-LFIA, isakhiwo esaziwa ngokuba yi-immunocomplex (Ab-Ag complex) senziwa ngenxa yeantigens kwipateni yesampulu kunye ne-antibody. Le immunocomplex emva koko iyahamba iye kwezinye iindawo ze-LFIA kwaye inxibelelane nezibulala-ntsholongwane ezitshixwe kwi-nitrocellulose membrane yesixhobo. Xa kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezenziweyo, umgca obomvu-bomvu uqala ukuvela obonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo okt i-antigen ekujoliswe kuyo ikhona kwisampulu. Iyunithi ye-immunochromatographic yenziwa ngokuncamathisela isampulu pad ukuya esiphelweni senwebu.
Amanyathelo amane ayafuneka ekwenzeni i Uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic kwisixhobo se-LFIA. Inyathelo lokuqala kukubeka isampulu kwipateni yesampulu. Emva kokuba isampulu sele idlulile kwisampulu yokunyibilikisa iimolekyuli ziqala ukwenzeka. Apha ukusonjululwa kwemolekyuli yesixhobo sokujonga into kubalulekile ekukhuseleni iziphumo ezilungileyo abaya kuthi bazibophe kunye nomhlalutyi ojolise kwisampulu. Emva kwala manyathelo, isenzo se-capillary siqala ukusebenza. Umxube wonke we-fluid uthathwa kwi-membrane ye-nitrocellulose ngoncedo lwezenzo ze-capillary. Ngoku, kwi-membrane ye-nitrocellulose, kuya kubakho i-antigen engasebenziyo okanye i-antibody eya kuthi iqhubeke nokudibanisa nohlalutyo ekujolise kulo ukuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ukuba ziya kubakho kwisampulu. Ukuba iziphumo zilungile, kuya kuvela umgca wepinki okanye omfusa. Iphedi yentengiso ekugqibeleni ifunxa naziphi na iinxalenye zesampulu.
Ukushwankathela izibonelelo ze Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic, inokuthenjwa, iyakhawuleza, ichanekile kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngapha koko, iyabiza indleko kwaye inokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda isifo. Akukho zithintelo kunye nezithintelo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokubekelwa indawo kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo. Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elinye kuphela ke ngoko ucoceko kunye novavanyo oluqinisekileyo. Kananjalo, ziyafumaneka ngokulula kwikhawuntara kwaye umntu akanyanzelekanga ukuba afumane iyeza layo okt ukugcina ixesha. Okokugqibela, ifuna isixa esincinci kakhulu sevolumu yesampulu yokufumana inkqubo yovavanyo. Ngezibonelelo, kukho ukusikelwa umda kuyo ngokunjalo. Okokuqala, ithambekele kwiziphumo ezisemgangathweni kunakwiziphumo zobungakanani ukongeza. Okokugqibela, ayinabuthathaka njengezinye izixhobo ngesizathu sokuba ikwazi ukubona ii-analytics ezimbini ngaxeshanye.
Kukho usetyenziso olubanzi lwefayile ye- Ukuhamba kamva Uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lokuvavanywa kunye nokufunyanwa kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi. Ngapha koko, ikwasetyenziselwa kuvavanyo lwasekhaya kunye nokufumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezinje ngezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, isifo seengcongconi, isifo sephepha, izifo zesibindi kunye nempilo yokuzala kwabo bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini. I-chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) okanye uvavanyo lokukhulelwa lunokufunyanwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwamva lokuhamba kwemunochromatographic. I-LFIA yeyona ndlela yovavanyo ethandwa kakhulu yokufumanisa naluphi na uhlobo lweentsholongwane, ibacteria, okanye nosulelo lwe-parasitic olunjenge-dengue, igcushuwa, i-filariasis, njl.
isiphelo
Ukuhamba kwexesha kuvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kwaye kulula yokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo. Ixhotyisiwe ngezobuchwepheshe, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, inokuthenjwa, kunye nendlela esebenzayo. Kukho izithintelo ezingabinobunzima xa kuthelekiswa nezibonelelo zoVavanyo lweLateral Immunochromatographic Assay. Zithathwa njengeziqhelekileyo kwaye ziqhelekile ekufumaniseni iimvavanyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kungqina ubunyani kunye nokuthembeka. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwe-immunochromatographic Lateral yecala, inokusetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo ezinxulumene nalo naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo lonyango.
Ucaphulo
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/immunochromatography-assay-ica-principle-components-steps-merits-limitations-and-applications/
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02073g#!divAbstract
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/immunochromatography
