Yintoni uVavanyo lweLateral Immunochromatographic Assay?

Ii-Lateral flow Immunochromatographic assays zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa injongo yokufumanisa ii-analytes kwisampulu enikiweyo. I-Immunochromatography yindibaniselwano ye-chromatography kunye nee-Immuno Assays. Ii-LFIA zezona zixhobo zingabizi kakhulu nezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zee-Lateral Flow immunochromatographic assays ezifana ne-sample pad, i-conjugate par, i-nitrocellulose membrane, kunye ne-adsorbent pad. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic assay ezifana naleyo yenziwe kwiqhekeza elinye okanye iphepha le-cellulose membrane eliye lenziwe ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokusika nge-laser. Ukuthelekisa nezinye iintlobo ze-Immuno Assay ezifana ne-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), okanye i-western blot ii-LFIA zingcono, zithembekile, kwaye ziyakhawuleza. Azipheleli apho kodwa zikwabonelela ngeenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa izinto. Ngaphezu koko, zonga ixesha kwaye zivelisa iziphumo kwixesha elifutshane elimalunga nemizuzu engama-20 okanye malunga nemizuzu engama-20. Ii-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays ziyahambelana noluhlu olubanzi lwee-matrices ezifana ne-serum, umchamo, isidoda, igazi, kunye namathe. Ii-assays zanamhlanje zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ezifana novavanyo lokukhulelwa , uvavanyo lokuxilonga ngokukhawuleza, umkhuhlane, isifo sephepha (TB), kunye nemalariya. Zikwasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya, uvavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya, ukufunyanwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nonyango lwezilwanyana.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, iimvavanyo ze-immunochromatographic ze-lateral flow nazo zenziwa ngeqhekeza elinye le-nitrocellulose membrane elivelisa iziphumo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo, ngoko ke, zavavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe iPlasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) eyi-biomarker yosulelo lwe-malaria enokubonwa kuxinzelelo oluphantsi olufikelela kwi-4 ng mL−1 kwaye inokubonwa ngamehlo enyama. Kwakhona, bekungekho nto ye-cross-reactivity kunye nezinye ii-biomarker zeproteni ezimbalwa zePlasmodium. Ngoku, xa i- Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay yenza enye ngephepha le-nitrocellulose membrane esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya, ivelise iziphumo ezithembekileyo nezichanekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nee-LFIAs esele zikhona zokufumanisa i-PfHRP2. Ngaphezu koko, ingenza uvavanyo lokufumanisa i-malaria kwaye ezinye ii-biomarker zeproteni nazo zingavavanywa.

Kukho imigaqo embalwa esebenza ngayo iLateral Flow Immochrmotograhy Assay . Okokuqala, iindlela zokusebenza ziyafana nezo zendlela yesandwich ye-ELISA kodwa umahluko ukwinkqubo apho isenzo se-capillary se-immunological reaction sifakwa kwiphepha le-chromatographic. Okwesibini, xa i-matrix yesampuli iphoswa kwi-sample pad yesixhobo se-LFIA, i-complex eyaziwa ngokuba yi-immunocomplex (Ab-Ag complex) yenziwa ngenxa yee-antigens ezikwi-sample pad ene-antibody. Le immunocomplex emva koko ihamba ngakumbi iye kwezinye iindawo zesixhobo se-LFIA kwaye idibana nee-antibodies ezivalelwe kwi-nitrocellulose membrane yesixhobo. Xa kukho ii-complex ezingaphezulu ezenziweyo, umgca obomvu omfusa uqala ukubonakala obonisa isiphumo esihle oko kukuthi i-antigen ekujoliswe kuyo ikhona kwisampuli. Iyunithi ye-immunochromatographic yenziwa ngokuncamathisela i-sample pad ekupheleni kwe-membrane.

Kufuneka amanyathelo amane ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-Immunochromatographic kwisixhobo se-LFIA. Inyathelo lokuqala kukubeka isampuli kwiphedi yesampulu. Emva kokuba isampuli idlule kwiphedi yesampulu, ukunyibilika kweemolekyuli kuqala ukwenzeka. Apha ukunyibilika kwemolekyuli ye-detector kubalulekile kuba ukukhusela iziphumo ezilungileyo ziya kubopha ne-target analyte kwisampuli. Emva kwala manyathelo, isenzo se-capillary siyayiqala ukusebenza. Lonke umxube wolwelo uthathwa uye kwi-nitrocellulose membrane ngoncedo lwe-capillary action. Ngoku, kwi-nitrocellulose membrane, kuya kubakho i-antigen okanye i-antibody engashukumiyo eya kudibana ngakumbi ne-target analyte ngaloo ndlela izisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ukuba ziya kubakho kwisampuli. Ukuba iziphumo zilungile, kuya kuvela umgca opinki okanye omfusa. Iphedi ye-adsorbent ekugqibeleni ifunxa naziphi na iindawo ezingaphezulu zesampuli ezingafunxwanga.

Ukushwankathela iingenelo zeLateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay , inokuthenjwa, iyakhawuleza, ichanekile, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu koko, ingabizi kakhulu kwaye ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga. Akukho mida kunye nemiqobo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokubhukisha iimozulu ezahlukeneyo. Yeyokusetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela, ngoko ke uvavanyo olucocekileyo noluqinisekisiweyo. Kwakhona, zifumaneka lula ngaphandle kwekhawuntara kwaye umntu akufuneki afumane iresiphi yayo oko kukuthi ukonga ixesha. Okokugqibela, ifuna inani elincinci kakhulu lesampulu ukuze kuhlolwe inkqubo. Ngeenzuzo, kukho imida embalwa kuyo. Okokuqala, ijonge kwiziphumo zomgangatho kuneziphumo zobuninzi. Okokugqibela, ayinabuzweli njengezinye izixhobo kuba inokubhaqa ii-analytes ezimbini ngaxeshanye.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zovavanyo lweLateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi xa kuchongwa isifo seklinikhi ukuze kuhlolwe kwaye kufunyanwe iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi. Ngaphezu koko, ikwasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwasekhaya kunye nokufumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezifana nezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo, imalariya, iTB, izifo zesibindi, kunye nempilo yokuzala yamadoda nabafazi nayo inokuvavanywa. Uvavanyo lwe-Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) okanye uvavanyo lokukhulelwa lunokufunyanwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweLateral FLow immunochromatographic Assay. I-LFIA yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo yovavanyo lokufumanisa naluphi na uhlobo lwezifo zentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, okanye iiparasite ezifana ne-dengue, i-syphilis, i-filariasis, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa kwi-forensics yesayensi, kunye ne-biomarkers yomhlaza.

isiphelo

Uvavanyo lwe-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo nelula yokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo. Luxhotyiswe ngobuchwephesha, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, luthembekile, kwaye luyindlela esebenzayo. Kukho imida ethile engenabunzima xa kuthelekiswa neenzuzo ze-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay. Zithathwa njengezintsha kwaye ziqhelekileyo ekufumaneni uvavanyo kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kubonakalisa ukuqinisekiswa kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo. Ke ngoko, Uvavanyo lwe-Lateral flow immunochromatographic Assays lungasetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo ezinxulumene naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo lwezonyango.

Ucaphulo

https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/immunochromatography-assay-ica-principle-components-steps-merits-limitations-and-applications/

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02073g#!divAbstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/immunochromatography